Cause and Effect

Question 1

形成

Answer 1

(xing2cheng2) form, create over time (but has to be something physical)

Question 2

引起

Answer 2

(yin3qi3) cause (seems to be used for an event)

龋齿能引起牙槽骨和颌骨炎症

Question 3

致成

Answer 3

(zhi4cheng2) result in (doesn’t seem to be used often)

Question 4

造成

Answer 4

(zao4cheng2) cause (seems to be used more for a process)

菌斑中的大量细菌产酸，造成菌斑下面的釉质表面脱钙、溶解

Question 5

因此

Answer 5

(yin1ci3) therefore

Question 6

故

Answer 6

(gu4) therefore

Question 7

效果

Answer 7

(xiao4guo3) result (效果最好 = best result)

Question 8

由于

Answer 8

(you2yu2) because, due to

Question 9

使

Answer 9

(shi3) make, cause (usually used in the sense of making something do something, feel a certain way, etc.) (苹果手机使果粉们疯狂 vs. 苹果手机出现引起巨大的轰动)

Question 10

致 (zhi4)

Answer 10

Cause (致龋=cariogenic, caries causing) (他因患中风而致半身不遂 = the stroke caused him to be paralysed one side of his body)

To (in order to) (大会议程首先是向来宾致欢迎辞 = The proceedings will begin with a speech to welcome the guests.)

Convey/express (在此仅代表本公司向各位致上衷心的谢意 =On behalf of the company, I would like to express our hearty thanks to you all.)

To deliver (主席致开幕词后，史密斯先生作了精彩的长篇演说=After the chairman delivered his opening speech, Mr Smith launched into a brilliant tirade.)

Question 11

引发

Answer 11

(yin3fa1) cause (seems to be used for an event but more severe than 引起) (乱扔烟头引起火灾 (lighting cigarette causes fire) vs. 边界问题引发战争 (the border conflict caused war)

Question 12

诱发

Answer 12

(you4fa1) induce (in general used for disease e.g. (诱发龋齿)