Causation

Question 1

Gap

Answer 1

3 years

Question 2

Factual

Answer 2

But for test

Question 3

Paggett

Answer 3

Human shield

Question 4

White

Answer 4

Attempted

Question 5

Legal

Answer 5

More than minimal

Question 6

Dyson

Answer 6

Beat child. Skull fracture. Would have died due course but second beating accelerated it. Would have died anyways but acceleration amount to legal causation

Question 7

Smith- legal

Answer 7

Operating and substatial cause

Question 8

Cato/muhammed

Answer 8

More than insubstantial and insignificant

Question 9

Wallace

Answer 9

Key factual question when evaluating legal causation in homicide cases is whether the accused acts can fairly be said to have made a significant contributon

Question 10

Perkins

Answer 10

Hit him left in building then earthquake hit. Different if was at sea
Natural event NAI

Question 11

Perkins

Answer 11

Hit him left in building then earthquake hit. Different if was at sea
Natural event NAI

Question 12

Michael

Answer 12

Act of innocent agent not nai
Third party

Question 13

Rafferty

Answer 13

3 people beat up v. Rafferty left scene and other 2 killed. Wasn’t present and wasn’t planned
Third party

Question 14

Medical treatment nai

Answer 14

Must be incorrect treatment which is direct cause of death. If original wound still open and operating cause of death chain won’t break

Question 15

Jordan

Answer 15

Given antibiotics already proved to be allergic to and lungs filled with fluid.
Highly likely to not be repeated as it included the positive administration of a drug

Question 16

Smith

Answer 16

Only if second cause so overwhelming as to make the original wound merely part of history can it be said that death doesn’t flow from the wound

Question 17

Cheshire

Answer 17

Discharged and died 2 months later due to narrowing of windpipe. Wounds healed but d still significant contribution.
Negligent acts must be so independent of his acts and in itself potent in causing death

Question 18

Malcharek and Steele

Answer 18

Life support machines

Question 19

Eggshell rule

Answer 19

Take v as find them

Question 20

Watson

Answer 20

Old man with heart condition

Question 21

Hayward

Answer 21

Thyroid gland condition

Question 22

Holland

Answer 22

Cut finger told needed amputated but refused. Didn’t break chain

Question 23

Wallace- free

Answer 23

Euthanasia wasn’t a free and unfettered decision

Question 24

Robert’s

Answer 24

So daft or unexpected that no reasonable man could expect to foresee
Escaping

Question 25

Williams and Davis

Answer 25

Was the v conduct proportionate to the level of threat
Escaping

Question 26

Marjoram

Answer 26

Reasonable foreseeability is objective
Escaping

Question 27

Dias

Answer 27

Self injects
Drugs

Question 28

Rogers

Answer 28

Self injects but d put belt on arm. Was part of the mechanics of the injection
Drugs

Question 29

Kennedy

Answer 29

Self injects then leaves. No relationship between the two. Adults of sound mind are treated as legally responsible for their own actions. Vulnerability distinguished
Drugs