Causal pathogens

Question 1

Acute coryza

Answer 1

Rhinoviruses

Question 2

Rhinitis

Answer 2

Hay fever: grass and tree pollen, and mould spores
Perennial allergic rhinitis: similar to asthma
Perennial non-allergic rhinitis: cold air, smoke, perfume

Question 3

Acute pharyngitis

Answer 3

Adenoviruses are most common

Persistent / severe suggests bacterial: haemolytic Strep, H. flu, & S. aureus

Question 4

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

Answer 4

Parainfluenza or measles (morbillivirus) virus

Question 5

Flu

Answer 5

Influenza virus A & B

H = haemagluttinin, N = neuraminidase

Influenza A has capacity to undergo antigenic “shift” with major changes in H & N causing pandemic infections which could cause millions of deaths.

Question 6

Infective exacerbation of COPD

Answer 6

Staph aureus, Haemophilus flu, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 7

Walking pneumonia (chest x-ray bad but patient “well”)

Answer 7

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 8

CAP

Answer 8

Strep pneumonia

Question 9

Pneumonia in pre-existing lung disease e.g. COPD

Answer 9

H flu

Question 10

Pneumonia with contact with birds

Answer 10

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 11

Pneumonia in IVDUs or associated with flu virus

Answer 11

Staph aureus

Question 12

Pneumonia in institutional outbreaks, mention of waterL

Answer 12

Legionella pneumophila

Question 13

Pneumonia in abattoir / animal hide workers

Answer 13

Coxiella burnettii

Question 14

Pneumonia in CF

Answer 14

Pseudomonas

Question 15

Pneumonia in immunosuppressed e.g. AIDS, lymphomas, leukaemias, cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids (x5)

Answer 15

Pneumocystic jirovecii
CMV
Aspergillus fumigates
Actinomyces israelii
Nocardia asteroids

Question 16

Atypical pneumonia with hyponatraemia

Answer 16

Legionella