Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Herd Health > Cattle/sheep infectious disease (Yr3) > Flashcards

Cattle/sheep infectious disease (Yr3) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a microbiome?

A

genetic material of all the microbes within the animal (bacteria, fungi…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is metritis?

A

inflammation of uterus caused by bacterial infection producing a reddish/brown foul smelling uterine exudate less than 21 DIM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what pathogens could be involved in metritis?

A

E. coli (main pathogen)
Trueperella pyogenes
Fusobacterium necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is E. coli gram positive or negative?

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is Fusobacterium necrophorum gram postive or negative?

A

negative (anaerobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Fusobacterium necrophorum infections?

A

produces leukotoxin which causes death of leukocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells leading to necrotic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is Trueperella pyogenes gram positive or negative?

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is endometritis?

A

inflammation of the endometrium, with purulent discharge when cow is over 21 days in milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is subclinical endometritis?

A

inflammation of endometrium categorised by increased neutrophils on cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what causes viral vaginitis?

A

bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBR virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the main clinical sign of bovine herpesvirus relating to reproduction?

A

abortions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is Campylobacter fetus venerealis gram positive or negative?

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does Campylobacter fetus venerealis cause?

A

chronic endometritis
early embryonic deaths and abortions
(STD so need bulls to spread it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can you protect against IBR?

A

vaccinate (protection in face of outbreak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea?

A

non-cytopathic (rarely causes clinical disease)
cytopathic (associated with PIs and mucosal disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the presentations of BVD depending on when infection occurs?

A

0-100 days - abortion/resorption
100-120 dyas - immunotolerance (PI calf)
120-285 days - congenital lesions or abortion

17
Q

what are PI calves antigen and antibody status?

A

antibody negative
antigen positive

18
Q

what are the main congenital abnormalities seen with BVD?

A

cerebellar hypoplasia
microphthalmia
cataracts

19
Q

what are the clinical signs of leptospirosis?

A

poor fertility, abortions, weak calves, RFM
(can shed without clinical signs)

20
Q

how can leptospirosis be diagnosed?

A

bulk milk sampling and identification in abort tissues and blood

21
Q

what serovar of Salmonella is associated with abortions?

A

S. dublin

22
Q

what is somatic cell count?

A

number of cells per ml in milk (epithelial and white blood cells mainly)

23
Q

how can mastitis be categorised?

A

clinical and subclinical

24
Q

what are the grades of clinical mastitis?

A
  1. mild changes in milk
    2A. acute with changes to milk and hot painful udder
    3C. chronic with changes to milk and hard lumpy udder
  2. changes to milk/udder with systemically sick cow
25
Q

what are the two categories of mastitis pathogens?

A

contagious
environmental

26
Q

what are the common environmental mastitis pathogens?

A

Streptococcus uberis
E. coli (coliform)
Klebsiella pneumoniae (coliform)

27
Q

what are the common contagious mastitis pathogens?

A

Streptococcus uberis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Mycoplasma spp.

28
Q

what is the difficulty of culturing/testing for mastitis pathogens?

A

contamination when sampling
not shedding when sampled
poor storage/handling
unknown pathogen
fastidious pathogen

29
Q

is Staphylococcus aureus gram positive or negative?

A

postive cocci

30
Q

how is mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus spread?

A

cows/fomites
teat sucking (found in tonsils)
fly spread

31
Q

what is the pathogenesis of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A

damages duct system leading to deep pockets of infection in secretory tissues and abscess formation

32
Q

why are antibiotics poorly accessible to Staphylococcus aureus mastitis infections?

A

it is an intracellular bacteria that forms a biofilm with many virulent factors

33
Q

why may a cow with Staphylococcus aureus mastitis test negative to it?

A

it is intermittently shed in milk

34
Q

what grade mastitis does Staphylococcus aureus cause?

A

can cause any grade

35
Q
A

Herd Health (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions