Cattle Anatomy

Question 1

Heritability

Answer 1

P = G + E
30% Genetics
70% Environmental

Question 2

Environmental Management

Answer 2

Influences Phenotypes
e.g.
Feed
Infrastructure
Vaccinations etc

Question 3

2 Types of Protein

Answer 3

1. Crude
2. NPN

Question 4

2 Types of Digestion

Answer 4

1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein

Question 5

What influences Protein Digeston

Answer 5

Microbial Population

Question 6

How many parts do cattle have?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Name the Four Compartments

Answer 7

1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. Abomasum

Question 8

What doe the rumen do?

Answer 8

Largest Compartment

Question 9

What is “Trumpeter”

Answer 9

Gonadotrophin Release
Controlled by Hypothalamus

Question 10

What does the Omasum do?

Answer 10

The omasum is a globe-shaped structure containing leaves of tissue (like pages in a book) this is also why it is called the bible.

Question 11

What does the Ammonium do?

Answer 11

The abomasum is the only compartment lined with glands. These glands release hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, needed to breakdown feeds. The abomasum is similar to a nonruminant stomach.

Question 12

Reticulum

Answer 12

Heavy or dense feed and metal objects eaten by the cow drop into this compartment.

Question 13

Name the main player in ruminant protein digestion

Answer 13

Microbial Population and quality

Question 14

NPN

Answer 14

Non Protein Nitrogen

Question 15

Rumen Microbes

Answer 15

Major source of protein in a bovines diet break down CP and NPN to NH4 + NH3-

Question 16

Crude Protein

Answer 16

Protein that needs to be broken down into a usable form.

Question 17

Protein digestion

Answer 17

When protein is digested it is broken down into peptides (short chains of amino acids) which become NH4+ and NH3-

Question 18

Microbial Role

Answer 18

Break down protein continually flushed from the rumen to omasum to abomasum are then absorbed.

Question 19

If energy is limited? poor quality feed low microbial numbers

Answer 19

Microbes become less efficient at using NH3- instead of being converted to microbial protein they are absorbed across the rumen wall into the bloodstream ( liver) converted to urea and excreted as urine.