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Animal Health And Welfare 2 > Cats and Dog Husbandry > Flashcards

Cats and Dog Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the makeup of the feline coat. What are some key differences in some different coated breeds?

A
  • Down
    • Soft layer that provides warmth
    • Sparce in Spinx cats
  • Awn
    • Middle layer
  • Guard hairs
    • Longer hairs that contribue to coat colour
    • Not found in Rex cats in which the coat is natually curly
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2
Q

What is the feline dental formula?

A

3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1

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3
Q

What causes cat allergies?

A

Glycoprotein Fel d1 contained in the skin, saliva, and fur,

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4
Q

Describe feline eating behaviour in the wild.

A
  • Diet in the wild consists of small mammals and birds (high protein and low carbohydrate)
  • Consume multiple small meals throughout the day
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5
Q

Why is fish not a complete diet for cats?

A

Can lead to thiamine deficiency

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6
Q

What are some important considerations when setting up litter trays for cats?

A
  • Should equal number of cats in the household plus 1
  • Should not be near food/water resources
  • Should be easy to access especially for senior cats who may require a ramp
  • Should be in a private area
  • Should be 1.5 times the length of the cat
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7
Q

For the domestic cat give the age of puberty, estrus status, gestation length, litter size, and birthweight

A
  • Puberty Occurs at 4-6 months dependent on breed
    • Occurs with increasing photoperiod
    • Occurs at ~80% of adult bodyweight
  • Seasonally polyestrous
    • Repeated episodes of heat from spring to august
  • Reflex ovulators
  • Pregnancy ~63 days
  • Average litter size 2-8
  • Birth weight: 90-100g
    • Doubles within the first two days of birth
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8
Q

When can kittens be homed?

A

Homing kittens should occur from 8-9 weeks (13 weeks for pedigree cats)

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9
Q

How frequently is it recommended that cats have a medical checkup?

A
  • Annual wellness check recommended for cats <7 year of age
  • Bi-annual wellness check recommended for cats > 7 years of age
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10
Q

In what situations would a feline be scruffed in the wild?

A
  • When mother moves her kitten
  • During mating
  • To assert dominance
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11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages to having a cat living indoors or outdoors?

A
  • Indoors
    • Safer environemnt
    • Tendency for obesity
    • Greater risk of behavioural problems
    • Average lifespan 12-14 years
  • Outdoors
    • Can express natural behaviour
    • Can experience trauma
    • Pregnancy is a possibility
    • Theft of cat is a possibility
    • Average lifespan is from 4-5 years
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12
Q

Dicsuss the feline vaccines.

A
  • Routinely performed from 8-9 weeks of age
  • Initial vaccination course comprises 2 vaccinations 3-4 weeks apart
  • WSAVA guidelines recommend a 3rd vaccination at 16 weeks as high levels of maternal antibody may prevent adequate response to earlier vaccines
  • Core vaccinations
    • Cat flu
      • Feline herpesvirus
      • Feline calicivirus (FCV)
    • Infectious enteritis
    • Feline parvovirus
    • Rabies in countries other than the UK
  • Non-core
    • Feline leukemia virus
    • Chlamydophilia felis
    • Bordetella brochiseptica
    • Feline Immunodeficiency virus (not available in the UK)
    • Feline infectious peritonitis (not available in the UK)
    • Giardia (not available in the UK)
    • Rabies in the UK
  • Booster
    • Given 1 year after the primary core vaccines given
    • Every 1-3 years depending on
      • Immunity provided by vaccine
      • Lifestyle of the cat
      • Cat shows, boarding catteries
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13
Q

Describe roundworms in the cat.

A
  • Primarily affect kittens
  • Cause pot-bellied appearance and diarrhoea
  • Infestation via oral route from suckling
  • Kittens are typically wormed 3-4 times up to 6 months of age
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14
Q

Describe tapeworms in the cat.

A
  • Primarily affect adults
  • May be asmptomatic
  • Transmitted via intermediate hosts (fleas, lice)
  • Treated and prevented with used of worming products
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15
Q

Describe lungworms in the cat

A
  • Primarily affects adults
  • May be asymptomatic
  • Transmitted by ingestion of snails or slugs
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16
Q

Describe hookworms in the cat.

A
  • May affect adults or kittens
  • Associated with bad hygiene, ill thrift, diarrhoea, and anaemia
  • Larvae are found in the environment and are either ingested or penetrate the skin and migrate to the digestive tract
17
Q

Describe heartworm in the cat.

A
  • Not present in the UK
  • Mosquito intermediate host
  • Primarly affects adults
18
Q

At what age can a cat be spayed/neutered and what are the advantages/disadvantages?

A
  • Females and males can be sterilized at 6 months of age but causes higher incidence of obesity
  • Advantages of feline spay
    • Eliminates calling
    • Eliminates pregnancy and unwanted pets
    • Eliminates pyometra
    • Reduces risk of mammary cancer
    • Reduces risk of infections (FeLV and FIV)
  • Advantages to feline neuter
    • Reduces pregnancy and pets without homes
    • Reduces roaming
    • Reduces fighting
    • Reduces cat abscesses, FIV ,and FeLV
    • Reduces spraying
    • Reduces frustration
    • Cat is more sociable
19
Q

Give the baseline clinical parameters (temperature, repiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure) of the dog

A
  • Rectal temperature: 38.0-39.0 degrees Celsius
  • Respiratory rate: 15-30 resps/min
  • Heart rate: 60-120 beats per minute
  • Blood pressure: 90-120 mmHG
20
Q

What are the requirements for a dog wanting to enter the United Kingdom from another country?

A
  • a microchip
  • a rabies vaccination
  • a pet passport or third country official veterinary certificate
  • a tapeworm treatment
21
Q

Discuss canine vaccination in the UK.

A
  • Important to build the immune system of the puppy as the protection from passive maternal antibodies start to fade
  • Core in the UK
    • Distemper
    • Parvovirus
    • Hepatitis (adenovirus)
    • Leptospirosis (usually)
  • Non-core in the UK
    • Bordetella
    • Parainfluenza
    • Coronavirus
    • Rabies
  • 1st set at 6-8 weeks (Distemper Hepatitis Parvovirus Parainfluenza virus (DHPPi) and Lepto.)
  • 2nd set at 10-12 weeks onwards (DHPPi and Lepto)
  • Possible 3rd set at 14-16 weeks
  • WSAVA recommends giving Pi vaccine every year, lepto vaccine every year and Distemper-Hepatitis vaccine every three years
22
Q

At what age is canine neuter/spay recomended and what are the advantages?

A
  • Neuter and spay from 6 months of age
  • Advantages to canine neutering
    • Reduces risk of roaming
    • Reduces behavioural aggression
    • Reduces risk of prostate disease, perineal hernia, and perianal adenoma
    • Prevents testicular neoplasia
  • Advantages to canine spaying
    • Prevents unwanted pregnancies
    • Prevents oestrus bleeding
    • Prevents false pregnancies
    • Prevents behavioural problems and male dog pestering females
    • Prevents pymetra
    • Reduces risk of mammary gland neoplasia
23
Q

Discuss the canine teeth dental formulas.

A
  • No teeth at birth
  • Deciduous dental formula: 3/3 1/1 3/3 0/0
    • Canines through by 4 weeks
    • Incisors and pre-molars in by 5-6 weeks
    • All primary teeth are present by 6 weeks
  • Permanent teeth dental formula: 3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
    • Inscisors and canines are coming through at 3 months
    • Pre-molars usually come through at around 4 months
    • All permanent teeth are present by 5 months
  • Unreliable indicators of age
24
Q

What factors are important when choosing a dog?

A
  • Gender
    • More expensive to sterilize a female
  • Pedigree or mongrel
  • Puppy or adult
  • Lifestyle
  • Coat
  • Coasts
  • Breed-specific problems
25
Q

What are the banned dog breeds in the UK? What are the necessary requirments if a banned dog is to be kept?

A
  • Dangerous dogs Act 1991 and Dangerous Dogs (Amendment) Act 1997
    • Stated banned breeds
      • Pit Bull Terrier
      • Japanese Tosa
      • Dogo Argentino
      • Fila Braziliero
    • Certificate for exemption can be issued for illegal dogs in which
      • the dog must be
        • Neutered
        • Microchipped
        • Kept on a lead and muzzled at all times when in public
        • Kept in a secure place that it cannot escape
      • The owner must
        • take out insurance against dog injuring other people
        • Be aged over 16
        • Show the certificate of exemption when asked by a police officer within 5 days
        • Let the Index of Exempted dogs (IED) know if there is a change in address or if the dog dies
26
Q

What is viceral larva migrans?

A
  • Canine zoonosis caused by roundworm (Toxocara canis) eggs in dog faeces develop into larvae on the ground which are then touched by children and enter the child’s body
    • Larvae in body can migrate within the body and enter eye which can cause damage
27
Q

When is it most important to socialize a puppy and how can this be accomplished?

A
  • Exposure to novel situations, people, noises, smells
  • Organize puppy parties and puppy classes
  • Most critical period is from 3-12 weeks of age
28
Q

What are the basic needs of a dog based on the Animal Welfare Act 2008?

A
  • A suitable environment
  • A suitable diet
  • Allowance to exhibit normal behaviours
  • To be housed with or apart from other animals
  • To be protected from pain, injury and suffering

Animal Health And Welfare 2 (7 decks)

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