Cats and Dog Husbandry Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the makeup of the feline coat. What are some key differences in some different coated breeds?
A
- Down
- Soft layer that provides warmth
- Sparce in Spinx cats
- Awn
- Middle layer
- Guard hairs
- Longer hairs that contribue to coat colour
- Not found in Rex cats in which the coat is natually curly
2
Q
What is the feline dental formula?
A
3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1
3
Q
What causes cat allergies?
A
Glycoprotein Fel d1 contained in the skin, saliva, and fur,
4
Q
Describe feline eating behaviour in the wild.
A
- Diet in the wild consists of small mammals and birds (high protein and low carbohydrate)
- Consume multiple small meals throughout the day
5
Q
Why is fish not a complete diet for cats?
A
Can lead to thiamine deficiency
6
Q
What are some important considerations when setting up litter trays for cats?
A
- Should equal number of cats in the household plus 1
- Should not be near food/water resources
- Should be easy to access especially for senior cats who may require a ramp
- Should be in a private area
- Should be 1.5 times the length of the cat
7
Q
For the domestic cat give the age of puberty, estrus status, gestation length, litter size, and birthweight
A
- Puberty Occurs at 4-6 months dependent on breed
- Occurs with increasing photoperiod
- Occurs at ~80% of adult bodyweight
- Seasonally polyestrous
- Repeated episodes of heat from spring to august
- Reflex ovulators
- Pregnancy ~63 days
- Average litter size 2-8
- Birth weight: 90-100g
- Doubles within the first two days of birth
8
Q
When can kittens be homed?
A
Homing kittens should occur from 8-9 weeks (13 weeks for pedigree cats)
9
Q
How frequently is it recommended that cats have a medical checkup?
A
- Annual wellness check recommended for cats <7 year of age
- Bi-annual wellness check recommended for cats > 7 years of age
10
Q
In what situations would a feline be scruffed in the wild?
A
- When mother moves her kitten
- During mating
- To assert dominance
11
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages to having a cat living indoors or outdoors?
A
- Indoors
- Safer environemnt
- Tendency for obesity
- Greater risk of behavioural problems
- Average lifespan 12-14 years
- Outdoors
- Can express natural behaviour
- Can experience trauma
- Pregnancy is a possibility
- Theft of cat is a possibility
- Average lifespan is from 4-5 years
12
Q
Dicsuss the feline vaccines.
A
- Routinely performed from 8-9 weeks of age
- Initial vaccination course comprises 2 vaccinations 3-4 weeks apart
- WSAVA guidelines recommend a 3rd vaccination at 16 weeks as high levels of maternal antibody may prevent adequate response to earlier vaccines
- Core vaccinations
- Cat flu
- Feline herpesvirus
- Feline calicivirus (FCV)
- Infectious enteritis
- Feline parvovirus
- Rabies in countries other than the UK
- Cat flu
- Non-core
- Feline leukemia virus
- Chlamydophilia felis
- Bordetella brochiseptica
- Feline Immunodeficiency virus (not available in the UK)
- Feline infectious peritonitis (not available in the UK)
- Giardia (not available in the UK)
- Rabies in the UK
- Booster
- Given 1 year after the primary core vaccines given
- Every 1-3 years depending on
- Immunity provided by vaccine
- Lifestyle of the cat
- Cat shows, boarding catteries
13
Q
Describe roundworms in the cat.
A
- Primarily affect kittens
- Cause pot-bellied appearance and diarrhoea
- Infestation via oral route from suckling
- Kittens are typically wormed 3-4 times up to 6 months of age
14
Q
Describe tapeworms in the cat.
A
- Primarily affect adults
- May be asmptomatic
- Transmitted via intermediate hosts (fleas, lice)
- Treated and prevented with used of worming products
15
Q
Describe lungworms in the cat
A
- Primarily affects adults
- May be asymptomatic
- Transmitted by ingestion of snails or slugs
16
Q
Describe hookworms in the cat.
A
- May affect adults or kittens
- Associated with bad hygiene, ill thrift, diarrhoea, and anaemia
- Larvae are found in the environment and are either ingested or penetrate the skin and migrate to the digestive tract
17
Q
Describe heartworm in the cat.
A
- Not present in the UK
- Mosquito intermediate host
- Primarly affects adults
18
Q
At what age can a cat be spayed/neutered and what are the advantages/disadvantages?
A
- Females and males can be sterilized at 6 months of age but causes higher incidence of obesity
- Advantages of feline spay
- Eliminates calling
- Eliminates pregnancy and unwanted pets
- Eliminates pyometra
- Reduces risk of mammary cancer
- Reduces risk of infections (FeLV and FIV)
- Advantages to feline neuter
- Reduces pregnancy and pets without homes
- Reduces roaming
- Reduces fighting
- Reduces cat abscesses, FIV ,and FeLV
- Reduces spraying
- Reduces frustration
- Cat is more sociable
19
Q
Give the baseline clinical parameters (temperature, repiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure) of the dog
A
- Rectal temperature: 38.0-39.0 degrees Celsius
- Respiratory rate: 15-30 resps/min
- Heart rate: 60-120 beats per minute
- Blood pressure: 90-120 mmHG
20
Q
What are the requirements for a dog wanting to enter the United Kingdom from another country?
A
- a microchip
- a rabies vaccination
- a pet passport or third country official veterinary certificate
- a tapeworm treatment
21
Q
Discuss canine vaccination in the UK.
A
- Important to build the immune system of the puppy as the protection from passive maternal antibodies start to fade
- Core in the UK
- Distemper
- Parvovirus
- Hepatitis (adenovirus)
- Leptospirosis (usually)
- Non-core in the UK
- Bordetella
- Parainfluenza
- Coronavirus
- Rabies
- 1st set at 6-8 weeks (Distemper Hepatitis Parvovirus Parainfluenza virus (DHPPi) and Lepto.)
- 2nd set at 10-12 weeks onwards (DHPPi and Lepto)
- Possible 3rd set at 14-16 weeks
- WSAVA recommends giving Pi vaccine every year, lepto vaccine every year and Distemper-Hepatitis vaccine every three years
22
Q
At what age is canine neuter/spay recomended and what are the advantages?
A
- Neuter and spay from 6 months of age
- Advantages to canine neutering
- Reduces risk of roaming
- Reduces behavioural aggression
- Reduces risk of prostate disease, perineal hernia, and perianal adenoma
- Prevents testicular neoplasia
- Advantages to canine spaying
- Prevents unwanted pregnancies
- Prevents oestrus bleeding
- Prevents false pregnancies
- Prevents behavioural problems and male dog pestering females
- Prevents pymetra
- Reduces risk of mammary gland neoplasia
23
Q
Discuss the canine teeth dental formulas.
A
- No teeth at birth
- Deciduous dental formula: 3/3 1/1 3/3 0/0
- Canines through by 4 weeks
- Incisors and pre-molars in by 5-6 weeks
- All primary teeth are present by 6 weeks
- Permanent teeth dental formula: 3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
- Inscisors and canines are coming through at 3 months
- Pre-molars usually come through at around 4 months
- All permanent teeth are present by 5 months
- Unreliable indicators of age
24
Q
What factors are important when choosing a dog?
A
- Gender
- More expensive to sterilize a female
- Pedigree or mongrel
- Puppy or adult
- Lifestyle
- Coat
- Coasts
- Breed-specific problems
25
What are the banned dog breeds in the UK? What are the necessary requirments if a banned dog is to be kept?
* Dangerous dogs Act 1991 and Dangerous Dogs (Amendment) Act 1997
* Stated banned breeds
* Pit Bull Terrier
* Japanese Tosa
* Dogo Argentino
* Fila Braziliero
* Certificate for exemption can be issued for illegal dogs in which
* the dog must be
* Neutered
* Microchipped
* Kept on a lead and muzzled at all times when in public
* Kept in a secure place that it cannot escape
* The owner must
* take out insurance against dog injuring other people
* Be aged over 16
* Show the certificate of exemption when asked by a police officer within 5 days
* Let the Index of Exempted dogs (IED) know if there is a change in address or if the dog dies
26
What is viceral larva migrans?
* Canine zoonosis caused by roundworm (Toxocara canis) eggs in dog faeces develop into larvae on the ground which are then touched by children and enter the child's body
* Larvae in body can migrate within the body and enter eye which can cause damage
27
When is it most important to socialize a puppy and how can this be accomplished?
* Exposure to novel situations, people, noises, smells
* Organize puppy parties and puppy classes
* Most critical period is from 3-12 weeks of age
28
What are the basic needs of a dog based on the Animal Welfare Act 2008?
* A suitable environment
* A suitable diet
* Allowance to exhibit normal behaviours
* To be housed with or apart from other animals
* To be protected from pain, injury and suffering
