Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) Flashcards
Counter / Catholic Reformation (Definition)
The Catholic Reformation was the effort to make the Catholic Church more powerful and stop people from spreading the ideas of Protestantism by using many different methods.
For example, in efforts to stop the spread of Protestantism, Ignatius of Loyola, a noble from Spain, created the Jesuits, which was a religious order that served the Pope and the church and taught young men the basic Catholic teachings.
This was important because it allowed the young kids to agree with the Catholic teachings from the beginning and it would make them want to stay Catholic for the rest of their life, which would replace the people who left the Catholic Church for the Protestant Church
Ignatius of Loyola (Definition)
Ignatius of Loyola was a Spanish nobleman from a rich family who was a very important figure in the Counter-Reformation.
For example, he got badly hurt in battle and he thought he wouldn’t survive because he saw so many people around him dying, but when he did, he decided to say thank you to God by forming an order of people to teach Catholic teachings to young men, called the Jesuits.
This is important because when he taught young men from a young age about the Catholic Church, they would want to be Catholic for the rest of their lives and it would be less likely for them to switch to the Protestant Church.
Jesuit Order / Society of Jesus (Definition)
The Jesuits, or the Society of Jesus, was an order founded in 1534 by the Spanish nobleman, Ignatius of Loyola, that had important goals to stop the spread of Protestantism.
For example, their main goal was to teach young men about Catholic ideas.
This is important because they thought that, since the people learned Catholic ideas from a young age, they would want to be Catholic for the rest of their lives, adding a new member to the Catholic Church; they also thought that they would reject Protestant ideas because they would be loyal to the Catholic Church and not want to switch to become a Protestant.
Francis Xavier (Definition)
Francis Xavier was a Jesuit missionary who helped bring Catholicism to parts of the world outside of Europe.
For example, he traveled through Asia in the mid-1500s and brought Catholic ideas to some parts of India and Japan, which led to some people converting to Catholicism.
This is important because it helped the Catholic Church replace the people that were originally in the Catholic Church but left and became a Protestant with new people from India and Japan.
Ursuline Order (Definition)
The Ursuline Order was an order created in 1535 by Angela Merici that taught young girls important things and concepts.
For example, they would teach official Catholic teachings to the girls.
This is important because, since they taught the girls about Catholic ideas from a young age, they would want to be Catholic for the rest of their lives and they would be less likely to switch to the Protestant Church since they would want to be Catholic, which would allow less people to become Protestant and more to become Catholic.
Spanish Inquisition (Definition)
The Spanish Inquisition was an extremely effective way to get rid of Protestant and other religions in Spain by torturing the non-Catholic people.
For example, if someone wasn’t Catholic, they would use many different torture methods, like grabbing their limbs and stretching them out, until they either converted to Catholicism or died.
This is important because it allowed for less people of other religions and less Protestants to be in Spain, which allowed the Protestant Reformation to not be as commonly found there as it was in other parts of Europe.
Ways of Torture Used By The Spanish Inquisition (8)
WATERBOARDING (towel over someone’s face and pouring water on them until they drowned), STRAPPADO (dangling someone from their feet using a rope), WATER CURE (filled stomach up with water until it burst), HEAD CRUSHER, KNEE SPLITTER, SPANISH TICKLER (tied them down and ran them over with a spiked roll), BURNED AT THE STAKE, THE RACK (tied them up and stretched them out)
How did the Spanish Inquisition prevent the spread of Protestantism ? (Short Essay)
The Spanish Inquisition prevented the spread of Protestantism because it used torture methods to allow less and less Protestants to want to be in Spain.
For example, they either forced all non-Catholics, including Protestants, to leave Spain or tortured them until they died or converted to Catholicism.
This is important because it not only allowed all of the non-Catholics to be wiped out of Spain, which led to less Protestants being there, but it also allowed the rest of Europe to try using their methods, which led to less Protestants trying to spread their ideas in Europe.
In conclusion, the Spanish Inquisition prevented the spread of Protestantism because it forced out all non-Catholics and Protestants of Spain and tortured the ones who stayed to become Catholic, which allowed less Protestants to want to spread their ideas in Spain and, since the idea worked so well, the rest of Europe used that idea to get rid of Protestants, which made less Protestants try to spread their ideas in the rest of Europe, as well.
What was the purpose of the Orders? (Short Essay)
The purpose of the Orders was to add people to the Catholic Church without forcing people to become Catholic.
For example, the Jesuit Order taught boys Catholic teachings from when they were little until they were old enough to go into the real world on their own.
This is important because it allowed them to want to be Catholic for the rest of their lives, since the teachings were implemented in them from a young age, instead of having to force them to join the Catholic Church through torture like the Spanish Inquisition; additionally, it also prevented them from switching to Protestantism because they would want to be loyal to Catholicism since they started learning it from such a young age.
In conclusion, the purpose of the Orders was to add new people to the Catholic Church without forcing them to become Catholic, which was used by the Jesuits Order, who taught boys Catholic teachings from a young age, which would make them want to stay in the Catholic Church and prevent them from switching to Protestantism.
Council of Trent (Definition)
The Council of Trent was a group of church leaders who got together and met three times in the span of 18 years to reform the Catholic Church from within by creating new rules.
For example, they created the rule that said that the selling of indulgences (paying for time taken out of Purgatory) were banned and that they could only be earned by doing good deeds.
This is important because it allowed some Protestants who had switched to Protestantism because of the selling of indulgences was unfair to them to switch back because the rule was gone and there was nothing they didn’t like about the Catholic Church.
What new rules were made by the Council of Trent? (4)
- Bishops had to live in the city they were in charge of
- The selling of indulgences was banned
- The ideas of Protestant Reformation leaders, like Luther and Calvin, were rejected
- Church officials were a key figure in interpreting the Bible and Catholics were not allowed to interpret the Bible for themseves
