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RE REVISION > Catholic Christianity Beliefs & Teachings > Flashcards

Catholic Christianity Beliefs & Teachings Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Nicene Creed explain?

A

God exists as three persons - all equal and all eternal

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2
Q

How is the Trinity reflected in worship?

A

1. Every Mass begins with a welcome in the name of the Trinity
2. Worshippers proclaim belief in Trinity through the Nicene Creed in Mass

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3
Q

What is the importance of the Trinity for Catholics Today?

A

1. Praying to the Father, through the Son, in the power of the Holy Spirit gives Catholics belief that God is with us.

2. Gives Catholics a sense that God is present in the world ( Guidance of Holy Spirit )

3. Teaches Catholics they must work together to bring God’s gift unto the world.

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4
Q

What are some Catholic beliefs in the Trinity?

A

God as the Father
- A Christian’s relationship with God should be like that of a parent & child
- God will prove for and protect his people

God as the Son
- Jesus is God in human form

God in the Holy Spirit
- God communicates with humans
- Helps the Church preserve and explain Church teachings.

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5
Q

How is Trinity referenced in the Old and New Testament?

A

Old Testament
- In Genesis - God speaks the Word to create and the spirit hovers over creation
- Prophet Isaiah claims God sent his Word and Spirit to create and guide

New Testament
- Jesus’s finals words in Matthew are to make disciples, baptising them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
- St Paul refers to the Trinity in several letters

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6
Q

What are some relevant Historical Developments surrounding the Trinity?

A

Several heresies arose from debates about the nature of Jesus, the main ones beings;
- Adoptionism: The belief that Jesus as an ordinary man who only became Christ when he was baptised and ‘adopted’ by God
- Arianism: The belief that the Son was created by the Father, meaning the son is a god, but not God.

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7
Q

How was a final declaration reached concering Jesus and the Trinity?

A

Church Councils were called to make this decision. The Council of Nicaea and Constantinople explained the doctrine of the Trinity & Formulated the Nicene Creed as a statement.

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8
Q

In what order was the world created? ( According to Gensis 1 )

A

Day 1: Heavens, Earth, light, Dark
Day 2: Water, Sky
Day 3: Land, Plants
Day 4: Sun, Moon, Stars
Day 5: Fish, Birds
Day 6: Land animals, Humans

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9
Q

What are some different Christians views concerning the Creating Story?

A

Fundamentalist Protestants: Believe the Bible is the word of God and so is True & factually correct. ( Don’t accept Big Bang & Evolution )

Mainstream Protestants: Believer that the Bible is the word of God but not his actual words. Regard Genesis 1 as a story about creation. ( Accept Big Bang & Evolution )

Liberal Protestant: Believe that the Bible is people’s words about Gpd. ( Accept Big Band & Evolution )

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10
Q

What are the four key characteristics of God?

A

1. God as Creator - Created the heaven and earth
2. God as Omnipotent - Created the universe out of nothing ( ex nihilo )
3. God as Benevolent - he created the world habitable and a good place for humans to live.
4. God as Eternal - He had no beginning

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11
Q

When it comes to Humanity’s relationship with creation, what responsibilities do Christians have?

A

1. Looking after God’s creation and pass it on to future generations in a better state than recieved by us.
2. Make sure creation is not exploited by humans
3. Make sure the Earth’s resources are shared fairly.
4. Make sure humans treat God’s creations fairly & harmoniously.

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12
Q

Outline 5 Ways Catholics Relate to God.

A

1. Rationality
2. Free Will & Conscience
3. Relate to God
4. Give & receive love
5. Answerable to God

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13
Q

What is Incarnation?

A

The Christian belief that God became human through Jesus.

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14
Q

What was the Importance of the virgin birth of Jesus for Christians?

A

It showed that;
- Jesus was the Son of God ( Not just a juman chosend & sent by God )
- God was in him and he was in God
- Jesus has two natures, Jesus being fully human & fully divine.

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15
Q

What are some Biblical basises for the Incarnation?

A

1. Matthew’s Gospel
- Joseph was told that Mary was a virgin who had conceived the Holy Spirit & the Baby was to be called Jesus & save everyone from their sins

2. Luke’s Gospel
- Mary was visited by Angel Gabriel who told her about the virgin bith of Jesus – who was born & visited by shepherds.

3. John’s Gospel ( Chapter 1 )
- Records the Incarnation in a theological form
- Identifies Jesus as the Word of God, the second person fo the Trinity

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16
Q

Why is the Incarnation important to catholics?

A
  • It shows that God cared so much for the world he came to Earth through Jesus to save us from our sin.
  • In Jesus, the Incarnate Word of God, humans can see what God is like.
  • Through the Incarnation, God began the process of salvation from sin.
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17
Q

What were the events of the Paschal Mystery?

A

1. The Last Supper - Established the Eucharist
2. Garden of Gethsemane - Judas arrested Jesus
3. The Trial - Peter denied Jesus 3 times
4. The Crucifixion - Jesus forgave his killers
5. The resurrection & ascension - 3 Days later he arose & told disciples to wait for the gift of the Holy Spirit.

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18
Q

What was the importance of the Paschal Mystery events?

A

1. The Last Supper is the basis of Mass - most important form of Christian worship
2. Christians believe the crucifixion brought forgiveness from sin.

3. Catholic Church teaches that Paschal mystery guarntees humanities salvation as;
- Jesus freely offered himself for our salvation
- Symbolised by Jesus breaking the bread

4. Christ’s resurrection promises resurrection for all those who believe
5. His ascension gives Christians hope that one day we will be with him in Heaven.

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19
Q

Why do Catholics believe salvation is important?

A

1. Without salvation there can be no real relationship with God
2. Without salvation a person’s ssin will prevent them from entering heaven
3. Salvation for man was the whole purpose of Jesus coming to Earth & Founding Christianity

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20
Q

What is Eschatology?

A

Eschatology refers to religious beliefs about death, judgement and life after death.

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21
Q

What are some teachings by the Catholic Church Catechisms about Escatology?

A
  • When people die, they are judged by God
  • Perfectly pure Christians go to heaven
  • Christians with unforgiven sins will go to purgatory to be purified
  • Very evil people who have rejected God go to hell.
22
Q

What are some different Christian views about life after death?

A

1. Non-Catholic do not believe in purgatory as it is based on Church teaching and not Bible teachings

2. Some Evangelical Protestants believe when a person dies their soul remains in the grave until the Last Day and a final judgement.

3. Most Liberal Protestants think when the body dies, the soul leaves the body to live with God in a spirit.

23
Q

Why is life after death important to Catholics?

A

1. They believe they will be judged by God so they have an incentive to live a good Christian life.
2. They believe sin can prevent them from reaching Heaven
3. This belief gives their life meaning and purpose

24
Q

Sacrament of Baptism;
A) What is the practice?
B) What does this symbolise?
C) What does this mean?
D) Why is it important to catholics?

A

A) The child is brought to the church & the priest pours water over the child, baptisipng in the name of the trinity, anoints with chrism.

B) The water symbolises washing away sin; the oil & symbolise being claimed by Christ

C) The original sin with which the the child is born is washed away.

D) Importance:

1. Catechism teaches that without baptism, a person cannot recieve other sacraments

2. Baptism washes away original sin so that the baptised can achive salvation & enter heaven.

25
Q

Sacrament of Confirmation;
A) What is the practice?
B) What does this symbolise?
C) What does this mean?
D) Why is it important to catholics?

A

A) Candidate renews the vows made on their behalf at baptism. Bishop lays hand on them before anointing them with chrism.

B) The laying on hands symbolises the gift of the Holy Spirit.

C) The confirmed person has fully joined the Church.

D) Importance:

1. It makes the person a full member of the Church

2. Only those who are confirmed can take on lay ministries.

3. It gives the strength of the Spirit to live the Christian life.

26
Q

What is the purpose of the church acting as the ‘body of Christ’ ?

A
  • All Christians must carry on the work of Jesus Christ on earth.
  • All Christians are united with each other and Christ through baptism.
  • All Catholics receive the body of Christ through mass, Which links to all other Catholics who practice the Sacrament.
  • Similar to parts of a human body, The body of Christ is separated to each fulfil a specific purpose.
27
Q

Outline the nature of the church by outlining the ‘Four Marks of the church’

A
  • The nature of ‘one’
    -The nature of ‘Holy’
    -The nature of ‘Apostolic’
    -The nature of ‘Eucharist’
28
Q

Explain how Mary can be seen as a ‘Model of the church’ through discipleship.

A

1)Mary can be represented as a ‘model of the church’ due to her discipleship because of the fact that she obeyed God’s plan for her; she did not question any of God’s Commands.

2)Mary was conceived without sin (Immaculate conception) and continued to be sinless throughout her life.(Catholics may follow her example to become pure)

3) Mary showed complete devotion to Jesus - she was present during the first miracle and the death of Jesus.

29
Q

What is the;

A) Sacrament of Reconciliation
B) Sacrament of Anointing the sick
C) Sacrament of Marriage
D) Sacrament of Holy Orders

A

A) Sacrament of Reconciliation

  • Forgives a persons sins & brings them closer to God. This is by confessing their sins & resolving to not sin again. Priest gives penance & absolution to make it easier to live a Christian life.

B) Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick

  • Gives seriously ill people the strength to face serious illness & death. The priest prays for the person, anoints them with the oil & give them Holy Communion
  • ^ Important as it gives grace, spiritual strength & healing while allowing the person to enter heaven.

C) Sacrament of Marriage

  • There are Bible readings, prayers, a homily on marriage & exchange of vows & rings. Usually followed by Nuptial Mass.
  • ^ These practices give grace & strength for a life-long relationship of love & faithfulness.

D) Sacrament of Holy Orders

  • Men are consecrated into the ordained ministry. The bishop lays his hands upon each candidate & anoints their hands with chrism. Giving them the grace, strength & authority.
30
Q

What are some different views of the sacraments?

A

1. Most protestants believe only baptism & the Eucharist are essential for salvation since they were instituted by Jesus.

2. Some Protestants, have no sacraments because they believe rituals belong to the old law of the Old Testament & not the new law of Jesus.

3. Some Protestants, for example Baptists & Pentecostals, believe only adults can be baptised because only adult baptism is referred to in the Bible.

31
Q

Outline the structure of Liturgical Worship.

A

1. Introductory Rites

  • Makes Catholics aware they are sinners & includes the Penitential Rite.

2. Liturgy of the Word

  • Contains Bible readings when all stand for the Gospel reading as it contains the words of Christ.

3. Liturgy of the Eucharist

  • Bread & wine are brought to the alter to be offered to God. Eucharistic prayer is read & Catholics are given communion

4. Concluding Rites

  • When people give thanks for what they have received and given a blessing to help them in the week ahead.
32
Q

Why is Mass important for Catholics?

A

1. Eucharist is a sacrament which gives grace to live good lives & grow closer to God.

2. The Mass is a celebration of the resurrection, showing Catholics that there is eternal life.

3. Catholics are in the real presence of Christ & receive the body & blood of Christ, which joines them with Jesus, bringing them closer to salvation.

4. Jesus Commanded attendance at Mass when he said at the Last Supper, ‘Do this in memory of me.’

33
Q

What are some different Christian understandings of Liturgical Worship?

A

1. Liturgical worship is the main form of worship in Catholic, Orthodox & many anglican Churches.
- For Nonconformists its only used for Holy Communion, Baptism, marriage and funerals.

2. Nonconformist non liturgical worship has:

  • Hymns or gospel songs.
  • extempore prayers
  • emphasis on the sermon, relating the Bible readings to modern life.

3. Catholics, Orthodox & Anglicans believe that liturgical worship allows the worshipper to think about the words and develop greater understanding.

34
Q

Outline the 3 features/parts of the Funeral Rites.

A

1. Vigil Service

  • May takes place the night before the funeral in the church
  • A eulogy – speech to praise the dead – is read.
  • Many families take the body to stay in the Church overnight.

2. The Funeral Liturgy ( Preferable the Requiem Mass )
- When the Church gathers with the family & friends of the deceased to give praise.
- Prayers of pardon are said after the Mass.
- They ask God that the persons’s soul not have to suffer in purgatory.

3. The Rite of Committal

  • Takes place at the cemetery when the scripture readings about resurrection, prayers of farewell and commendation.
35
Q

A) What are the aims of the Funeral Rite?
B) What is the Importance of the Funeral Rite to Catholics?

A

A) Aims of Funeral Rite

  • Nature of Requiem Mass allows for communion with the deceased.
  • The Rite of Committal shows the communion that exists betweeen the Church on Earth & the Church in heaven.

B) Importance of Funeral Rite

  • Reminds Catholics of the Church’s faith that the paschal mystery means that Catholics will have eternal life.
  • Proclaims the message of eternal life to the community.
  • Gives people a chance to celebrate the deceased’s life.
36
Q

A) Outline 3 Features of Prayer
B) Why do Catholics Pray?

A

A) Features

  • Adoration ~ praising God for what he is.
  • Thanksgiving ~ thanking God for good things of life
  • Confession ~ telling God about your sins.

B) Why Catholics Pray ( & the importance of it )

  • They want a relationship with God.
  • Jesus said Christians should pray.
  • The Catechism says Christians should pray.
  • Their prayer life helps them to have a healthy emotional life.
37
Q

Why is it important to Catholics to have different forms of worship?

A

Worship is importance as Jesus said that the greatest commandement is to worship God with all your heart.

1. Worship in the home - this is the heart of people’s lives & worshipping as a fimaly brings the family together.

2. Private Worship - to communicate with God 1 to 1 and express private emotions.

3. Public Worship - worshipping with other in church, especially at Mass gives a sense of belonging to a wwhole community of believers.

38
Q

What are the 3 forms of popular piety & how do each of them help a Catholic?

A

1. The Rosary

  • Reminds Catholics of the life of Christ
  • Reminds Catholics of what Christ has done for them.
  • Brings comfort & identity as a Catholic.

2. Eucharistic adoration

  • Helps the worshipper make contact with the presence of Christ.
  • Is a way of honouring and adoring Christ.
  • Follows the example of the Pope.

3. Stations of the Cross

  • Helps Catholics identify with the sufferings of Jesus
  • Pray through the journey of Jesus to the Cross
  • Give thanks for what Jesus did for them.
39
Q

What are some Different Christian attitudes to the forms of popular piety?

A

Prostants do not:

  • Pray the Rosary because the will not have anything to do ith adoration of the Virgin Mary. ( They believed she was an ordinary person )
  • Practice Eucharistic adoration because they do not believe in transubstantiation.
  • Follow the Stations of the Cross as they are not all based on the Bible.
40
Q

A) Why do Catholics go on pilgrimages?
B) Outline the 4 great pilgramage sites.

A

A) Catholics go on pilgrimages:

  • To become closer to God
  • To add discipline to their spiritual life
  • To be cured from illness or to gain inner strength.

B1) Jerusalem;

  • The Cenacle
  • The Church of All Nations
  • The Via Dolorosa

B2) Rome;

  • Vatican City
  • The 4 Papal basilicas
  • St John Lateran contains the Holy Stairs.

B3) Lourdes

B4) Walsingham

41
Q

A) What is Catholic Social Teaching based on?
B) Outline 3 Ways SVP tries to relieve poverty.
C) Outline 3 Ways CAFOD tries to end world poverty.

A

A) CST is based on:

  • Jesus’s Command to love your neighbout as yourself
  • The belief that Christians have a vocation to serve God & love their neighbour.
  • The teaching of the Catechism that Catholics should practise the Cardinal Virtues.

B) SVP tries to relieve poverty by Organising:

  • Regular visiting & personal care for the lonely.
  • Drop-in centres for lonely people to have opportunities to socialise.
  • Furniture stores for unwanted furniture to use for homeles people.

C) CAFOD tries to end world poverty by;

  • Promoting long-term development so that LEDCs can become self-supporting.
  • Speaking out on behalf of less affluent communities to bring Social Justice
  • Promoting Fairtrade products to bring better prices.
42
Q

A) Outline 3 features of early Christian missions
B) Why is Missionary & Evangelical work imporant for Catholics?

A

A) 3 Features are;

1. St Peter organised missions through Palestine
2. St Thomas took Christianity to India.
3. St Peter founded the Church in Rome.

B) Important as:

1. Evangelising is the Great Commission of Jesus

2. Christians believe hat being a Christian helps people to share God’s love.

3. Christianity in England has experienced a decline – attendance at Mass was 30% lower in 2010 than it was in 1993.

43
Q

4.1 Forms of expression and ways of life - Church Architecture

A) Outline 3 design features of a Catholic Church.
B) How do the features reflect belief?

A

A) 3 Features are;

1. A nave where the worshippers sit
2. A sanctuary with the alter, lectern & usally the tabernacle.
3. The baptismal font containing holy water

B) The features reflect belief as;

  • The altar reflecs the belief that the priest offers Mass on the altar as a symbol of Christ.
  • The candles reflect the belief that Jesus is the light of the world.
  • The tabernacle reflects the belief that Jesus is really present in the Blessed Sacrament.
44
Q

4.1 Forms of expression and ways of life - Church Architecture

How are the features of the Church used in worship?

A

1. The people gather in the nave for worship

2. The priests and servers gater in the sanctuary.

3. The lectern is used for the Liturgy of the Word.

45
Q

4.2 Forms of expression and ways of life - Church Features

Outline 3 Internal features of a Church & Include how they express redepmtion.

A

1. The Lectern

  • It is Gospel reading which clearly express the nature & importance of redemption Christ brought.

2. The Altar

  • Expresses redepmtion as it is an altar of sacrifice.

3. The Tabernacle

  • Remind catholics of the redemption brought by Christ’s sacrifice in his body broken for them.
46
Q

4.3 Forms of expression and ways of life - Sacred Objects

Outline 3 sacred vessels found in a Catholic church & Include how they express Catholic beliefs.

A

1. Sacred vessel

  • They are used for the sacrament of the Eucharist & are crucial to belief in the sacred mystery of transubstantion.

2. Sacrophagi

  • Reflect Catholic beliefs about sains and the holiness which can be gained through prayer.

3. Hunger Cloth

  • Reflecting Catholic beliefs about the need for Christians beliefs about the need for Christians to follow the example of Jesus.
47
Q

4.4 Forms of expression and ways of life - Artwork In Church

A) Outline 3 purposes of Sacred Art for Catholics.
B) Explain 2 different pieces of Art that portray Catholic beliefs.

A

A) 3 Purposes are;

  • To back up the beliefs of the Catholic faith through artistic means.
  • It helps draw the observer into deeper worship of God.
  • It helps the observer understand more about God.

B1) Fresco by Giotto of St Francis of Assisi

  • St Francis’ one hand lowered symbolises him welcoming the birds.
  • The other hand is raised in blessing, with 3 fingers reflecting Trinity.

B2) Icon of Christ - St Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai

  • The different facial expressions on either side of the face show Christ’s 2 natures.
  • The halo shows Christ’s holiness & the face it is gold shows his divinity.
48
Q

4.5 Forms of expression and ways of life - Sculptures & Statues

A) Outline 3 statues you are likely to find in a Catholic Church.
B) Explain 2 ways in which satues express Catholic beliefs.

A

A) 3 Statues Include;

  • Statue of Virgin Mary
  • Statue of Sacred Heart of Jesus
  • Statues of St.Peter

B) 2 Ways Include;

  • Statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus remind Catholics of the Passion of Christ & the fire of his eternal love.
  • Statue of Virgin Mary with her baby son reflect the belief that even though Mary is the mother of God, she is a witness to her son.
49
Q

4.6 Forms of expression and ways of life - Symbolism & Imagery

Outline 3 Catholic Symbols. ( Include Purpose & Uses )

A

1. The Cross & Crucifix
- Purpose: A reminder of his death & resurecction
- Use: Often found in Catholic homes.

2. The Dove
- Purpose: Represent the Holy Spirit
- Use: Used in Christian artwork

3. The Alpha & Omega
- Purpose: Shows eternal nature of Jesus
- Use: Found on decoration around Church.

50
Q

4.7 Forms of expression and ways of life - Drama

A) Outline 3 ways in which Mystery & Passion Plays express Catholic beliefs.
B) How is Drama important to Catholics?

A

A1) Mystery Plays

  • Being in the language of the people, not Latin
  • Using humour, including slapstick
  • Making the spiritual message clear & simple

A2) Passion Plays

  • Being in the language of the people
  • Brining the drama of the events to life
  • Making the Passion a spectacle

B) Importance Includes;

  • Drama helps people undertand & remember Bible stories in a more poerful way than reading.
  • Those participating may feel it as a form of worship.
51
Q

4.8 Forms of expression and ways of life - Music in Worship

A) Outline 3 types of music used by Catholics.
B) Explain 2 ways music is used to express belief in Catholicism.

A

A) 3 Types of Music Include;

  • Hymns
  • Plainchant
  • Pslams

B) 2 Ways Include;

  • Hymns use words and music to express beliefs to express beliefs to God, for exmaple ‘Hail Holy Queen’ expresses Catholic belief about the Virgin Mary
  • There are Pslams of praise, thanksgiving & lament, so they contain many human emotions about life, God & Religion. Making them relevant today.

RE REVISION (2 decks)

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