category III Flashcards
You are asked to design an aviation museum next to an airport. Besides SMEP engineers, name four consultants you need.
// parking consultant
// lighting consultant with FAA lighting regulations knowledge or experience/lighting consultant with museum exhibition knowledge of experience
// acoustic consultant
// museum consultant
// kitchen consultant
// traffic consultant
// landscape consultant
When are consultants required?
// consultants are required when the architect does not have the in-house expertise to provide all the necessary services for a particular project
// under the aia b102/b201 owner architect agreement, the architect is responsible for providing SMEP engineering services
// however, certain projects may require specialist consultants as well
// for example, the design of a commercial kitchen might require the use of a kitchen consultant and the design of an auditorium the user of a theater and lighting consultant
What types of services does a civil engineer typically provide?
// civil engineers typically provide engineering services for areas of the project outside the footprint of the structure:
// grading
// retaining walls
// swimming pools
// drainage
// sewer and water lines and connections
// civil engineering services are not standard services under the aia b102.b201 owner architect agreement
When are the services of an acoustical consultant required?
// the design of theaters, auditoria, and assembly halls
// defensive acoustical design for buildings in high noise areas (e.g. sites adjacent to freeways, airports, etc.)
// general building acoustics for projects when low ambient noise levels are required (e.g. hospitals, schools, apartment complexes, condominiums, etc.)
// to determine compliance with noise regulations when a project produces excessive noise (e.g. outdoor mechanical or process equipment). noise levels are measured at the property line
What are the initial steps an architect should perform to ensure proper project team coordination?
// conduct an initial team meeting to:
// review project requirements as developed by the owner and architect
// review the project work plan. discuss critical tasks, responsibilities, uncertainties, and potential problems
// review the schedule and coordination deadlines
// review project policies regarding responsibilities, identifying and resolving problems, team meetings, project reports, and management issues
How should communications procedures be coordinated for project delivery?
// establish and maintain policies for routine communications including the use of transmittals, telephone logs, dating of correspondence, RFIs, submittals, and note taking
// prepare agendas and minutes for consultant and client meetings
// document and distribute key decisions in writing
Why is it important to establish project deadlines and milestones?
// by breaking the project into discrete tasks and phases, it is easier to assess project progress according to the project schedule and to take remedial action if necessary
// the creation of project milestones allows for better understanding of task sequencing as well as improved coordination between client, team members, and consultants
When is the use of a milestone chart preferable?
// for short design projects with few participants and tasks
// in presentations and proposals
// for summarizing complex schedules
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a Gantt chart?
// the Gantt chart delineates each project task against a time line with a bar indicating task start and stop dates
// its advatage lies in visual clarity and it is often used for simple projects
// the disadvantage of Gantt charts are that they do not show the sequencing relationship between task
// they also give each task equal weight and importance
What is the Critical Path method and how is it useful for the coordination of project teams?
// the critical path method is a scheduling technique used in very complex projects where sequencing is essential to project delivery
// CPM charts typically show which tasks must be started first, which tasks cannot begin until others are completed, and which tasks can be started in parallel
// the result is to establish a start and finish date range for each of the project tasks
What are the architect’s responsibilities with regard to obtaining agency approvals?
// determine which codes, laws, and regulations apply
// determine the required approvals for the project
// assist the owner in filing the appropriate documents
// attend hearings and meetings as required
// code compliance is a responsibility of the architect and it cannot be delegated
Describe effective strategies for communicating and interacting with government agencies.
// communicate early and understand agency’s requirements and particular concerns
// meet with agency officials to discuss possible issues of contention prior to submission
// respond promptly to agency requests for information
How can an architect reduce risk of professional liability in the preparation of drawings using in-house methods?
// comprehensively check documents at one or more milestones before they are completed
// have one person check all important dimensions
// have the person responsible for the drawings review the specifications and the person responsible for the specifications review the drawings
// have consultants review documents produced by others
// set up a systematic process to ensure all discipline packages are coordinated and properly integrated
// have a senior firm member not involved in the project check all documents before they are issued
Why is it important to know the relationships between different government agencies that have jurisdiction over a project?
// complex projects can involve several agencies with overlapping jurisdiction
// it is important to know the sequence and timing of approvals that must be obtained to avoid project delays
// in addition, some agencies may share jurisdiction over particular aspects of the project
// for example, CEQA can be administered by multiple agencies in the state
As a solo practitioners, what types of document checking and review procedures could you use?
// internal checking and review procedures can include:
// overlay architectural and consultant plans and section to check for conflicts
// require consultants to perform similar reviews
// external checking and review procedures can include:
// have an experienced architect review the drawings and specifications
// have a contractor conduct a constrductablity review of the drawings
// bring a CM-advisor to review the drawings and specifications throughout the design process
What are three methods for reviewing drawings for accuracy?
// have a senior architect at the firm review the drawings
// overlay architectural drawings onto consultant drawings to check for discrepancies
// hold coordination meetings with consultants
// regardless of the particular methods, the architect should have a procedure in place to review drawings at regular intervals
Name at least three ways to limit professional liability by practicing within the standard of care.
// do not warrant work. this changes what would be an issue of negligence (did the architect exercise the required standard of care?) to one of a contractual promise (the simple yes/no determination whether the building meets all legal and client requirements)
// do not certify project compliances with all applicable rules and regulations
// do not promise a perfect level or workmanship
// do not get involved in the means and methods of construction
// do not assure a completion date
What is the standard of care for architects in California?
// competence is meeting the required legal standard of care
// under the rules of professional conduct the standard of care is “acting with reasonable care and competence, applying the technical knowledge and skill which is ordinarily applied by architects of good standing practicing in California under similar circumstances and conditions”
Does California require architects to carry professional liability insurance?
// only for limited liability partnerships
// a bond may be posted in lieu of insurance
What are the statutes of limitation that typically apply to architects?
// statute of limitations for professional liability in California is 4 years from the date of substantial completion for patent (visible) defects and 10 years for latent (hidden) defects
// statute of limitations for contractual liability in California is 4 years from the date the right of action accrues
Describe three different types of owner/architect relationships.
// partnership/collaboration: premised on the idea that the architect and the owner approach the project with common values, shared goals, and mutually understood expectations. the result is a collaborative process that focuses attention on quality rather than the process
// team builder: the architect, either through in-house or outside consultants, provides expanded services to meet the owners particulatr needs. this type of relationship focuses on client needs and expectations
// trusted advisor: the architect becomes involved in facility decisions at the owner policy making level
Name three types of clients and describe the differences between them.
// government: most commissions awarded through public process. client is sophisticated about design and construction
// developer: almost all commissions awarded privately. client typically sophisticated, although degrees of knowledge can vary
// individual: commissions are awarded privately. sophistication is typically low. many clients in this category will only ever work with an architect once
// corporate/institutional: commissions can be awarded based on formal interview. sophistication varies, the client will typically hire a CM-advisor is necessary
What are effective client communication methods?
// presentations
// reports
// meetings (including agenda and minutes)
// approval letters
How does the type of client affect communication methods?
// the level of client sophistation will determine the proper methods and content of communication. the less sophisticated require more basic information about the design process, while the sophisticated will be interested in more technical issues
// the ability of the client to respond and make decisions in a timely manner will affect the schedule. individuals and developers can typically respond more quickly than institutional or government clients, but each client is different and should be evaluated individually