Categorised parasites Flashcards

Question

Actinobacillus

Answer 1

– Gram – short rods/coccobacilli – Oxidase positive – Facultative anaerobes – Commensals – Oral – Respiratory tract – Reproductive trac *sticky colonies

Answer 2

– Gram – short rods/coccobacilli – Bipolar staining – Facultative anaerobes – Oxidase + – +/- Growth on MacConkey – Normal flora of the oral and upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

– Gram - ve, large rods – Oxidase – ve – Non-lactose fermenter – XLD agar – Most are motile – Worldwide, obligate parasite of the GIT

Answer 4

– Gram - ve, large rods, Oxidase – ve – Non lactose fermenter – VERY MOTILE !!! – Peritrichous (all over the cell) flagella – ‘Swarming’ colony morphology – Opportunistic pathogen – Urinary tract disease * Cystitis

Answer 5

– Gram - ve, large rods, – Oxidase – ve – Bipolar or safety pin ends – Non motile (no H antigen) – Non lactose fermenter – Maintained in carriers

Answer 6

– Oxidase negative – Large Gram-negative rods – Facultative anaerobes – Saprophytes and obligate parasites – All Grow on MacConkey Aga

Answer 7

– Escherichia – Klebsiella – Enterbacter – Citrobacter – Serratia

Answer 8

– Salmonella – Yersinia – Proteus – Shigella

Answer 9

– Gram negative rod – Oxidase negative – Lactose fermenter – Usually, motile – Peritrichous (all over the cell) flagella – Coliform – Reside in the lower GIT

Answer 10

– Gram + rods – Uniform shape – Widely distributed in nature – Commensals – Saprophytes – Wide temperature range

Answer 11

– Gram + rods – Short regular – Facultative anaerobes – Motile – Catalase + – Hydrolyse aesculin – CAMP + – Narrow zone of b haemolysis – Psychrotrophic

Answer 12

– Gram + short rods – Some form filaments – Non-motile – E. rhusiopathiae is the most important – Pigs – Septiacemia * Diamond skin disease – Zoonosis

Answer 13

– Gram + rods – Short regular (smooth) – Filament form (rough) * Bottle brush appearance in nutrient gelatin slabs – Facultative anaerobes – Catalase - – Pin point colonies – a haemolysis

Answer 14

-Large 200-250 nm -Icosahedral internal symmetry -dsDNA Abortion in horses (EHV1)

Answer 15

– Positive sense single stranded RNA – Go straight into proteins synthesis once in cell – Cycle of replication is FAST !! – Cytoplasm – Prone to frequent mutation (RNA viruses) – NON - ENVELOPED – STABLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT ! * Variation in their pH stability between viruses in the family * Only certain disinfectants are suitable for use against a given virus – Relatively heat stable * Especially if shielded by organic material – Cytolytic – Icosahedral Hand foot and mouth AEV notifiable disease --> PCR and ELIZA

Answer 16

– Small (25-40 mm in diameter) – Positive- sense single stranded RNA virus – +ssRNA virus – NON-ENVELOPED – Icosahedral symmetry – Stable in the environment – RESISTANT – Heat and detergents – Moderately pH stable * Inactivated under acidic conditions (pH<3) – Replicate rapidly in cytoplasm – Cell lysis = CYTOLYTIC RHDV

Answer 17

– Large (120-160 nm diameter) – Pleomorphic – Spherical, disc, kidney, rod-shape – Positive-sense single stranded RNA virus – +ssRNA virus – Genetic recombination between related coronavirus – Genetic diversity ✓ – ENVELOPED – Cytoplasmic replication – Can survive 3-4 weeks in the environment – Sensitive to heat, lipid solvents, detergents etc.

Answer 18

– Positive sense single stranded RNA – Replicate in the Cytoplasm * Released by exocytosis – ENVELOPED * Tightly adherent envelop associated with icosahedral capsids * Unstable (labile) in the environment * Easily inactivated by: – Heat – Common disinfectants JE WNV KUN BVDV

Answer 19

Positive sense single stranded RNA – Replicate in the cytoplasm * Budding – ENVELOPED (‘Toga’ or gown) * Glycoprotein envelop associated with icosahedral capsids * Unstable (labile) in the environment * Easily inactivated by: – Heat – Common disinfectants – Lipid solvents EEE WEE VEE RR

Answer 20

– Non-enveloped, icosahedral – Moderate resistant to heat, solvents and detergents – Double-strained RNA (dsRNA) – Replicates in the cytoplasm – Virions released by cell lysis – Segmented genome – 10-12 segments – Genetic re-assortment BT (orbivirus) rotavirus

Answer 21

– Influenza viruses – Negative sense single stranded RNA (-ssRNA) – Replicate in the nucleus * Released from the cells by budding – ENVELOPED – Two major glycoproteins – Haemagglutinin (H or HA) * Allow virus to attach to respiratory epithelium * Bind RBC useful in diagnostic assays * Changes in H gene are very important * Greatest ANTIGENIC CONSEQUENCE – SHIFT (pandemics = worldwide) and DRIFT (epidemics = local populations) * 16 haemagglutinin types – Neuraminidase (N or NA) Very fragile Very prone to mutations INFLUENZA

Answer 22

– Negative sense single stranded RNA – Non segmented – Replicate in the cytoplasm * Released from the cells by budding – ENVELOPED – Two major glycoproteins ‘spikes’ – Attachment proteins * Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase protein (HN) * Proteins without neuramindase activity (G) * Allow virus to bind to host cell – Fusion proteins (F) * Causes the virus envelop to fuse with the host cell – Pleomorphic shape – Glycoproteins DO not mutate as readily as influenza – Spread by respiratory or ocular discharge – Contagious – Very fragile in environment – Environmentally labile – Cell mediated immunity is important – Some produce cell- associated viraemia HENDRA Nipah

Answer 23

– Negative sense single stranded RNA – Non segmented genome – Replicate in the cytoplasm * Viral factory known as a Negri body – Cytoplasmic inclusion body * Released from the cells by budding – ENVELOPED – Glycoprotein spikes – G proteins * Interacts with host cell receptors to facilitate endocytosis of the virion * Induces virus-neutralising antibody – Cross-reactivity between some strains !! * Induces cell-mediated immunity – Fragile in the environment – Environmentally labile – Sensitive to light and drying – Survives well in dark places especially at low temperature * CAVES !!!!!! – Have a unique bullet shaped appearance RABIES BAT LYSSAVIRUS

Answer 24

– Enveloped, +ssRNA – Diploid (two linear strands) – Icosahedral capsid – Budding * Acquires envelop from plasma membrane of host cell – Very labile (fragile) – Inactivated by lipid solvents, detergents, soaps, heating at 56⁰C for 30 minutes and drying. – Mutation and recombination occurs with high frequency. CAN CAUSE CANCER FIV MADCOWDISEASE