Catecholamines Flashcards
What are catecholamines?
Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal glands, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Which catecholamine is known as adrenaline?
Epinephrine is known as adrenaline.
True or False: Norepinephrine is primarily involved in the fight-or-flight response.
True.
Fill in the blank: The precursor to catecholamines is ______.
tyrosine.
What role does dopamine play in the body?
Dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter and is involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine? A) Epinephrine B) Norepinephrine C) Serotonin D) Dopamine
C) Serotonin.
What is the primary function of epinephrine?
Epinephrine increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability during stress.
True or False: Catecholamines can affect mood and cognition.
True.
What condition is characterized by excessive catecholamine secretion?
Pheochromocytoma.
Fill in the blank: Catecholamines are synthesized in the _______ and _______ glands.
adrenal; medulla.
What effect do catecholamines have on blood vessels?
Catecholamines can cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, depending on the receptor type activated.
Multiple Choice: Which receptor does norepinephrine primarily bind to? A) Alpha-1 B) Beta-2 C) Muscarinic D) Histamine
A) Alpha-1.
What is the main pathway for catecholamine metabolism?
Catecholamines are metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
True or False: Catecholamines are only produced in response to stress.
False.
What role do catecholamines play in the immune response?
Catecholamines can modulate immune function and inflammation.
Fill in the blank: Catecholamines are released during _______ response.
stress.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following catecholamines is primarily associated with the brain’s reward system? A) Epinephrine B) Norepinephrine C) Dopamine D) All of the above
C) Dopamine.
What is the effect of catecholamines on glucose metabolism?
Catecholamines stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, increasing blood glucose levels.
True or False: Catecholamines can influence heart contractility.
True.
What is the significance of beta-adrenergic receptors in relation to catecholamines?
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate many of the effects of catecholamines, including increased heart rate and relaxation of bronchial muscles.
Fill in the blank: The response to catecholamines is _______ dependent.
dose.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key symptom of catecholamine excess? A) Hypotension B) Bradycardia C) Anxiety D) Drowsiness
C) Anxiety.
What type of receptors do catecholamines bind to?
Catecholamines bind to adrenergic receptors.
True or False: Catecholamines can be measured in urine to assess adrenal function.
True.
What is the role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the body?
Alpha-adrenergic receptors primarily mediate vasoconstriction and increased peripheral resistance.
