Cataracts Flashcards
What is a cataract?
A cataract is a common eye condition where the lens of the eye gradually opacifies, becoming cloudy, which reduces or blurs vision. Cataracts are the leading cause of curable blindness worldwide.
Who is more likely to develop cataracts?
Cataracts are more common in women than in men.
How does age affect the incidence of cataracts?
The incidence of cataracts increases with age; 30% of individuals aged 65 and over had a visually-impairing cataract in either one or both eyes.
What is the most common cause of cataracts?
The most common cause of cataracts is the normal ageing process.
What are other possible causes of cataracts?
Other possible causes include smoking, increased alcohol consumption, trauma, diabetes mellitus, long-term corticosteroids, radiation exposure, myotonic dystrophy, and metabolic disorders like hypocalcaemia.
What are typical symptoms of cataracts?
Patients typically present with reduced vision, faded colour vision, glare, and halos around lights.
What is a sign of cataracts during examination?
A defect in the red reflex is a sign of cataracts, as cataracts prevent light from reaching the retina.
What investigations are used to diagnose cataracts?
Investigations include ophthalmoscopy after pupil dilation and slit-lamp examination, which shows a visible cataract.
What are the classifications of cataracts?
Cataracts can be classified as nuclear, polar, subcapsular, and dot opacities.
How are early-stage cataracts managed?
In early stages, cataracts can be managed conservatively with stronger glasses/contact lenses or brighter lighting, but these do not slow progression.
What is the effective treatment for cataracts?
Surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts, involving the removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial one.
What factors should be considered before cataract surgery?
Factors include visual impairment, impact on quality of life, patient choice, whether both eyes are affected, and the risks and benefits of surgery.
What should patients be informed about before cataract surgery?
Patients should be informed about the refractive implications of various types of intraocular lenses.
What is the success rate of cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery has a high success rate, with 85-90% of patients achieving 6/12 corrected vision postoperatively.
What are some complications following cataract surgery?
Complications can include posterior capsule opacification, retinal detachment, posterior capsule rupture, and endophthalmitis.
