Cataract

Question 1

Define cataract

Answer 1

Any opacity in the lens

Question 2

Mc cause of gradual painless loss of vision
& mcc of blindness in India

Answer 2

Cataract

Question 3

Risk factors for cataract

Answer 3

Age
Sunlight
Sever diarrhoea dehydration
Vitamins ACE
Diabetes
Smoking
Steroids
Genetic

Question 4

Types of cataract

Answer 4

Acquired & congenital

Question 5

Types of acquired cataract

Answer 5

Senile
Complicated
Systemic disease related
Traumatic
Radiation
Electrical
Toxic

Question 6

Cataract in DM

Answer 6

1. Snowflake (cortical) cataract
2. Presenile (d/t carbamyllation of crystallin proteins
3. Along with fluctuating refractive errors

Question 7

Cataract in galactosemia

Answer 7

Oil droplet cataract (post subcapsular)
The ONLY REVERSIBLE cataract

Question 8

Oil drop cataract- deficiency of

Answer 8

Galactose-1 phosphate Uridyl Transferase
Galactokinase
UDP galactose & epimerase

Question 9

Galactosemia due to ____ deficiency causes only cataract

Answer 9

Galactokinase

Question 10

Cataract in myotonic dystrophy

Answer 10

1. Christmas tree cataract (PSC)
2. Presenile

Question 11

Cataract in Wilson’s

Answer 11

1. Sunflower cataract- dep of Cuprous oxide — stellage shaped
2. Kauser Fleischer ring- dep of Cu in Descemets membrane in the periphery of cornea

Question 12

Diagnosis of Wilson cataract

Answer 12

24 hour urinary copper excretion

Question 13

Cataract in parathyroid tetany

Answer 13

Leads to hypocalcemia — anterior & PSC or lamellar in children

Question 14

Rosette shaped cataract

Answer 14

Blunt trauma

Question 15

Glassblowers cataract

Answer 15

Due to infrared radiations

Question 16

Extent of incision in ICCE ECCE & phaco

Answer 16

180, 120, 30

Question 17

Incision size in ICCE ECCE & phaco

Answer 17

10-12
7-8
3.2-3.5

Question 18

Use of side port entry in SICS

Answer 18

It’s a 1mm wide incision made at the limbus with stiletto or MVR (microvitreoretinal) blade
- helps in aspiration of subincisional cortex and increasing the depth of AC

Question 19

Methods of anterior capsulotomy

Answer 19

Can opener
Envelope (linear)
CCC

Question 20

Methods of nucleus delivery in SICS

Answer 20

Irrigating wire vectis
Phacofracture
Phacosandwich
Viscoexpression
Fish hook
Blumenthals

Question 21

Hydroprocedures in phaco

Answer 21

Hydrodissection- separate cortex from capsule
Hydrodelineation- hard central nucleus from epinucleus

Question 22

Organisms in bacterial endophthalmitis

Answer 22

Acute- S epidermidis
Chronic- P acne

Question 23

Adv of phaco

Answer 23

1. Sutureless
2. Excellent intraoperative control of each step
3. Removal of nucleus and cortex aspiration- all within a closed chamber. Less Rick of damaging iris, endothelium, posterior chamber
4. Small size implants possible

Question 24

Types of after cataract

Answer 24

1. Thin membrane
2. Ring of Sommerring- new lens fibres formed due to proliferation of anterior capsule
3. Elschnigs pearls- subcapsular cells proliferate to form balloon Like pearls
4. Fibrous membrane- if assocd with iritis

Question 25

Ocular causes of headache

Answer 25

• RE
• poor accommodation
• contact lens overwear
• ACG
• iritis
• HZO
• orbital cellulitis
• superior orbital fissure syndrome

Question 26

Corneal stains

Answer 26

Fluorescein 2%- to stain abrasion, ulcers
Bengal rose 1%- devitalised cells stained red
Alcian blue- stains excess mucus

Question 27

Types of Applanation tonometers

Answer 27

1. Goldmann *
2. Perkins
3. Pneumatotonometer
4. Air puff
5. MacKay Marg
6. Microelectronic

Question 28

C chart for illiterate persons is named after

Answer 28

Landolts chart

Question 29

Posterior polar cataract is associated with

Answer 29

PHPV
POSTERIOR LENTICONUS
MITTENDORF DOT