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APP > Castilla Pulmonary Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Castilla Pulmonary Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

5 Classes of Pulm. Htn?

A
  1. PAH
  2. L. heart probs
  3. Breathing disease/Hypoxia probs
  4. Clots
  5. Multi-factorial
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2
Q

5 Driving forces for ventilation (most to least sensitive)

A
  1. Co2
  2. O2
  3. pH
  4. Stretch
  5. Pain
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3
Q

What happens to the V:Q in Emphysema?

A

Stays the same because you’re dipping ventilations AND perfusion function

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4
Q

What happens to the o2/FiO2 ratio upon O2 administration during ARDs?

A

Doesn’t change, because the membrane is wrecked.

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5
Q

Panacinar vs Centriacinar damage from emphysema?

A
  • Para= Entire Acinar Unit

- Centri= More proximal

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6
Q

Expiratory Accessory muscles?

A

Stomach muscles and Internal Intercostals

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7
Q

Two types of Restrictive Lung disease?

A
  1. Extrinsic: Chest wall, nerve, Structural

2. Intrinsic: Lung tissue, scarring, Toxins, (Sarcoidosis)

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8
Q

Patient 1 has clubbing

Patient 2 has flattened diaphragm with barrel chest; thoughts on each patient?

A

1: Club= Bronchitis
2: Dia/Barrel= Emphy

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9
Q

Shunt vs Dead space?

A
  • Shunt V=0

- Dead space Q=0

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10
Q

Bronchitis vs Emphysema: Which one causes early onset of DYSPNEA and why?

A

Emphysema because the tissue is getting wrecked, whereas bronchitis can still rely on a lot of the functional healthy tissue.

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11
Q

Inspiratory Accessory muscles?

A

Mainly Neck

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12
Q

What happens to the V:Q in Bronchitis?

A

V goes down, Q stays mostly Okay.

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13
Q

Pulmonary HTN

A

> 25 Pulm. Art Pressure

- Smooth Muscle and Vasoconstrictors close up blood flow

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14
Q

In obstructive lung disease, pts. have a lot of trouble with expiration, how will the flow volume curve present?

A
  • Shallow and lengthened on top Expiratory Curve

- Relatively normal on inspiratory curve

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15
Q

What does IPPA stand for?

A
  • In reference to lung exam

- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation

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16
Q

Respiratory conducting airways go up to the ____ branch, which then leads into the terminal bronchioles

A

16th

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17
Q

Bronchitis vs Emphysema: Which one has greater airway resistance?

A

Bronchitis b/c tissue still in tact and getting flooded, (also why it’s more likely to cause Cor Pulm)

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18
Q

Two main types of Obs. Lung diseases?

A
  1. Asthma

2. COPD

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19
Q

BMPR2 has been linked to causing which class of Pulm. HTN?

A

Class 1; PAH

20
Q

Two things that can’t be determined directly from PFTs?

A

TLC and RV

21
Q

Emphysema mnemonic and why?

A
  • Pink puffer
  • b/c you still get good O2 until the end
  • pts purse lips for PEEP
22
Q

What muscles are used during normal, calm, Inspiration?

A

Diaphragm and External Intercostals

23
Q

How much of lung volume is dead space?

A

About 1/3

24
Q

Chronic Bronchitis mnemonic and why?

A
  • Blue Bloater

- b/c hypoxia

25
Q

Lower lung border on anterior is which rib?

A

Rib Number 7

26
Q

ARDs

A
  • Acute Respiratory Distress

- Injured Membrane

27
Q

Four main things that cause Pulmonary Vascular Disease>?

A
  1. Embolism
  2. HTN
  3. Edema
  4. Infarction
28
Q

What muscles are used during normal, calm, experiation?

A

don’t really need muscles

29
Q

Virchows Triad?

A
  1. Stasis
  2. Coag
  3. Injury
30
Q

2 chemical mediators that cause asthma’s symptoms?

A
  1. Ach

2. Leukotriene

31
Q

Two stages of ARDS

A
  1. Exudative & Hyaline (wk.1)

2. Proliferative/fibrotic (past wk1)

32
Q

The pt. has a resp. disease and you see elevated RV and TLC, what class of disease does the pt. have?

A

Obstructive b/c Gas-trapping

33
Q

Ventilation

A

The air traveling through:

  1. Active Inspiration
  2. Passive Expiration
34
Q

Best way to diagnose Pulm. HTN?

A
  • Pulm. Art. Catheterzation
  • P>18 = Cardi
  • P<18= Non-Cardi
35
Q

What happens to the FEV1:FVC in Obst. Lung disease and why?

A
  • The ratio goes down
  • The obst. mainly causes trouble with expiration, which directly lowers the FEV1
  • Not much problem with filling
36
Q

How is the lower Respiratory airway divided?

A
  • Trachea and Beyond
37
Q

Normal Arterial levels for ph, O2, CO2, HCO3?

A
  • pH 7.35-7.45
  • O2 75-100
  • CO2 35-35
  • HCO3 22-26
38
Q

Non-Cardiogenic Pulm. 3 Distinguishing Features

A
  • Barrier Problem
  • Exudate
  • Restrictive PFT pattern
39
Q

Cardiogenic Pulm. Edema 3 Distinguishing Features

A
  • Pressure Problem
  • Clear Fluid
  • Elevated BNP
40
Q

In restrictive lung disease, patients get rid of their lung content quicker because there’s less. How will the flow-volume graph present?

A

Steep and Squished

41
Q

Lower lung border on posterior is which rib?

A

Rib Number 10

42
Q

Restrictive Lung disease is driven by _____

A

Decreased Compliance

43
Q

4 spots to listen to the Right lung in the anterior?

A
  1. Apex
  2. Superior Lobe
  3. Middle Lobe
  4. Inferior lobe
44
Q

Best way to prove Class 2 Pulm HTN?

A

Increased Cap Wedge Pressure

45
Q

What happens to the FEV1:FVC in Rest. Lung Disease and why?

A

Stays the same b/c total and vital go down since it can’t reach full expansion.

46
Q

Histological give-away for PAH?

A

Onion rings

APP (5 decks)

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