Cast of Characters

Question 1

What allows RBCs to export HCO3- and transport CO2 from periphery to lungs?

Answer 1

Cl-/HCO3- antiporter

Question 2

What receptor on thrombocytes binds vWF?

Answer 2

GpIb

Question 3

What receptor on thrombocytes binds fibrinogen?

Answer 3

GpIIbIIIa

Question 4

What do the dense granules in platelets contain?

Answer 4

Calcium and ADP

Question 5

What do the alpha granules in platelets contain?

Answer 5

vWF and fibrinogen

Question 6

What % of the diff do neuts usually comprise?

Answer 6

54-62%

Question 7

What % of the diff do lymphocytes usually comprise?

Answer 7

25-33%

Question 8

What % of the diff do monocytes usually comprise?

Answer 8

2-7%

Question 9

What % of the diff do eosinophils usually comprise?

Answer 9

1-3%

Question 10

What % of the diff do basophils usually comprise?

Answer 10

0-.75% (baso at the bottom)

Question 11

What do the granules in neutrophils contain?

Answer 11

ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin.

Question 12

What do azurophilic granules in neutrophils contain?

Answer 12

proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, and B-glucuronidase

Question 13

In what conditions are hypersegmented neutrophils (5+ lobes) seen?

Answer 13

Vitamin B12, Folate deficiency

Question 14

What are the major neutrophil recruiting factors to know?

Answer 14

C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, platelet activating factor

Question 15

What cell has a large, kidney shaped nucleus and frosted glass cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Monocyte

Question 16

Where are monocytes found?

Answer 16

In the blood

Question 17

Where are macrophages found?

Answer 17

In the tissue

Question 18

What activates macrophages?

Answer 18

gamma interferon

Question 19

What do macrophages have to do with septic shock?

Answer 19

Lipid A from bacterial LPS binds CD14 on macs to initiate septic shock

Question 20

What do eosinophils primarily defend against and with what?

Answer 20

Helminthic infections, with major basic protein.

Question 21

What does the eosinophil nucleus look like?

Answer 21

bilobate

Question 22

What are the main causes of eosinophilia?

Answer 22

Neoplasia, asthma, allergic processse, chronic adrenal insufficiency, parasites

Question 23

What else are in eosinphil granules?

Answer 23

histaminase

Question 24

What do basophil granules contain?

Answer 24

heparin, histamine.

Question 25

What do basophils synthesize and secrete on demand?

Answer 25

Leukotrienes

Question 26

What disease process can basophilia suggest?

Answer 26

myeloproliferative disease, especially CML

Question 27

How are mast cells similar to basophils?

Answer 27

Contain basophilic granules with histamine and heparin. However, not same cell type.

Question 28

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction are mast cells involved in?

Answer 28

Type I

Question 29

What does cromolyn sodium prevent?

Answer 29

Mast cell degeneration, useful in asthma.

Question 30

What immunoglobulin do mast cells interact with?

Answer 30

IgE - binds Fc portion, IgE cross links, and mast cells degranulate and release their shit - histamine, heparin, and eosinophil chemotactic factors.

Question 31

What cell functions as a link between the innate and adaptive immune system and is highly phagocytic?

Answer 31

Dendritic cells.

Question 32

What are langerhans cells?

Answer 32

Dendritic cells in the skin

Question 33

What are on dendritic cell surfaces?

Answer 33

MHC II (presents exogenous antigens) and Fc receptors; can bind antibody-bound antigens.

Question 34

Which lymphocyte is part of the innate immune system?

Answer 34

NK cells

Question 35

What kind of cell are the majority of lymphocytes?

Answer 35

T cells (80%)

Question 36

What cell has a clock face appearance and abundant RER?

Answer 36

plasma cells.