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YR 3 - UGP > CASP Keywords > Flashcards

CASP Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract Summary

A

make summary of the larger paper
- report aim and outcomes

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2
Q

Acceptability - to accept something

A

how much the people delivering consider it appropriate

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3
Q

Aim

A

the purpose of the study - what it is and what it’s trying to achieve

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4
Q

Assumption of Normality

how does it appear on a graph?

A

assuming that the sample destruction is normal
- bell curve
- most score close to the mean

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5
Q

Blinding.

A

participants don’t know

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6
Q

Double Blinding.

A

the participants and researchers don’t known

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7
Q

Calibrate

A

making sure measurements are at consistent quality

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8
Q

case report.

A

to describe and interpret an individual case

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9
Q

case-control study, what’s the purpose?

A

patient who have disease vs patients who don’t
- to compare risk factors and disease with exposures to risk factors

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10
Q

clinical trial

A

testing new drugs or approaches to surgery to improve disease diagnosis and quality of life

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11
Q

cohort study

A

1+ samples are followed to determine the link of risk factors to a disease

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12
Q

conclusion

A

sum up key points and provide statement of opinion/decision reaches

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13
Q

confidence interval

A

the probability that a population parameter will fall between 2 set values

  • help to measure the degree of uncertainty
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14
Q

conflict of interest

A

individual becomes unreliable because of clash of self interest and professionalism

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15
Q

confounding variable.

A

a third variable influencing the independent and dependent, if you don’t account the links are invalid

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16
Q

critical appraisal

A

evaluate, judge a papers validity and relevance

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17
Q

cross-sectional study

A

a one-off

  • exposure and outcome is measured at the same time
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18
Q

data analysis

A

data - inspect, model
discover useful information, good conlusion

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19
Q

dependent variable

A

what can be measured and changed

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20
Q

drop-out

A

participants leave a study
- differences between those who continue create bias = attrition bias

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21
Q

discussion

A

explore relevance, significance and meaning

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22
Q

exclusion criteria

A

factors that make a person ineligible to participate or make a study ineligible

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23
Q

experimental group

A

group who receive the experimental treatment

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24
Q

external reliability

A

the extent to which a measure is consistent when assessed over time

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25
external validity
how much the study can be generalised to other measures
26
fidelity
how much the delivery of intervention adheres to the original protocol aka the degree exactness to how it was meant to be done
27
what is feasibility used for?
to estimate the important parameter that make the study possible
28
hypothesis
precise prediction
29
inclusion criteria
factors what the participants must meet to take part
30
independent variable
what I, the researcher can change/control
31
internal reliability
how much a measure is consistent within itself aka if ur measuring me and I have bi-polar, I don't have internal reliability
32
internal validity
the degree of confidence that the established link is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors
33
inter-rater reliability
how much different raters have the same level of agreement
34
interventional studies
study to evaluate direct impact of exposure on outcome - then to determine the effectiveness of intervention
35
introduction
establish context background information state purpose of the study explain method highlight potential outcome
36
longitudinal study
repeated observation of the same variable over a period of time
37
meta-analysis
combining study date from several studies to develop single conclusion with large statistical power
38
non-parametric
statistical data that doesn't meet the assumption of normality
39
objective measure
consistent measure independent of researcher - time, criteria
40
objective
statment to define how the outcome comes about
41
parametric test
statistical data that meets the assumption of normality
42
PPI
patient and public involvement research carried out 'with' or 'by' patients and those who have experience of a condition
43
pilot-study
studies which aim to investigate whether crucial components of a main study will be feasible
44
power calculation
allows you to calculate how many participants are needed in a study to get an effect of a certain size and avoid statistical errors (i.e
45
process evaluation
aim to explain how an intervention works or does not work by looking at: - how it is implemented - the theories behind - reasons for participation
46
qualitative, what is the aim?
non-numerical data - produce detailed description of the study
47
quantitative, what is the aim?
numerical data - produce objective, empirical data - test hypothesis, identify pattern and make predictions
48
recruitment
identify eligible participants, get valid consent, maintain ethical until study is complete
49
reliability
the consistency of the results, should be able to be repeated with the same result
50
results
state finding, without bias or interpretation
51
retention
keeping participants for the duration of the study
52
saturation
no new data is discovered
53
sample
group of representative people taken from a larger population so we can generalise for the whole population
54
self-report/subjective
participants respond to the researcher's questions without interference
55
significance
measure of the probability of the null hypothesis being true results are significant if p value <0.05, can reject the null hypothesis
56
split-half reliability
measures how much all parts of the test contribute to what's being measured - compare results of one half of the test with the other - similar results = internal reliability
57
standardisation
procedures are kept the same
58
stratification
partitioning the participants by a factor other then exposure/treatment - gender, age
59
subjective measure
self-report measures what the participants say they experience
60
systematic review
comprehensive review of all the studies on a topic
61
test-re-test reliability method
measures stability of a test over time give the same participants, the same test on 2 separate occasions - if similar results = external reliability
62
user involvement
involving the users of research
63
validity
how much your findings truly represent what you're claiming to measure
64

YR 3 - UGP (5 decks)

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