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Interpreting III > CASLI Knowledge Exam > Flashcards

CASLI Knowledge Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Interpreters are….?

A

Professional communicators

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2
Q

Communication is complex and imprecise but…?

A

It is essential for life, health, and the development of sense of self

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3
Q

How much meaning of a message is conveyed through gestures, body lang, and facials?

A

55%

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4
Q

What does communication depend on?

A

Cultures, personal history, and relationships of individuals present.

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5
Q

What does effective communication require?

A

A goal- why interaction is taking place.

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6
Q

Interpreters must be aware of what?

A

Who your audience is and where this interaction is taking place.

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7
Q

Interpreters must take into account what?

A

Cultural norms and expectations.

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8
Q

What sounds like an un-confident message?

A

-hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite, up talk, disclaimers

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9
Q

“You” and “I” statements…

A

“You”- can be negative
“I “- takes responsibility
“It”- deflects responsibility

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10
Q

Register is important to what factors?

A

-goal, rate of speech, and more

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11
Q

What does culture influence in an interaction?

A

Everything! Including assumptions and understandings derived by participants.

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12
Q

What are static aspects of a culture?

A

-kinship, attitudes, and beliefs

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13
Q

What shapes of concept of who we are?

A

The culture in which we are raised.

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14
Q

How is culture communicated and shared?

A

Language

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15
Q

What percentage of the world’s cultures are collectivist?

A

70%

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16
Q

Differences between individualist and collectivist cultures?

A

Differences in: identity, shared knowledge, time, trust and credibility, group membership, accomplishments, social obligations… etc.

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17
Q

How are group memberships seen?

A

Both visible and invisible

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18
Q

What must interpreters work to do?

A

Reduce cultural misunderstandings.

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19
Q

What must interpreters do in terms of their own background?

A

Be aware of their cultural background.

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20
Q

What must an interpreter know how to do in terms of culture?

A

Must be aware of how cultural backgrounds influence communication and be able to properly identify and represent different cultures.

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21
Q

What are the communication levels?

A

Literal (denotative) level
and
Deep Structure (connotative) level

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22
Q

What percentage of Deaf are born to hearing parents?

A

90%

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23
Q

What does Interpreting require from interpreters?

A
  • Socializing in Deaf community

- Showing up to appointments early

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24
Q

How do interpreters become familiar with Deaf history and traditions?

A

By being exposed to stories from master storytellers.

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25
Q

What are some elements of collectivist culture that Black Deaf follow?

A
  • elders are respected
  • extended family is important
  • cultural history and group identity is passed down
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26
Q

What are some elements of Hispanic Deaf culture?

A

-closer physical boundaries (so interp. may need to change placement in order to be effective)

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27
Q

Elements of Hispanic Deaf culture?

A
  • may need more cultural mediation between negative feedback in English/ASL/Spanish
  • must include visual signals of respect
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28
Q

What are some elements of Native Deaf culture?

A
  • non-materialistic

- status is achieved from supporting and contributing

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29
Q

Elements of Native Deaf culture?

A

-tend to have a lengthy decision making process

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30
Q

How should interpreters learn about cultures?

A

Interpreters should learn slowly and through real life interactions.

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31
Q

How do Deaf ask about “sameness?”

A

Asking about:

  • Deaf family members
  • type of schooling
  • age of deafness
  • age of exposure to sign language
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32
Q

How do Deaf identify?

A

Indicate a presence of hearing loss and preference to socialize with Deaf Community.

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33
Q

How do some HoH identify?

A

Indicate a presence of hearing and preference to socialize with hearing.

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34
Q

What are the types of English-Based signing?

A
  • Rochester Method (FS)
  • Seeing Essential Eng. (SEE1) (BUTTER-FLY)
  • Signing Exact Eng. (SEE2)
  • Signed English (signs invented in Eng. order)
  • Conceptually Accurate Signed Eng. (CASE) (Pidgin) (ASL signs in Eng. order)
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35
Q

What is Pidgin sign (PSE)?

A

-a blend of ASL and Eng. (ASL signs with Eng. order)

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36
Q

Do I let DeafBlind know if someone has left the room?

A

Yes!

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37
Q

Should I work with CDIs?

A

Yes! One should always be comfortable working with and asking for a CDI if necessary.

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38
Q

Do I respect people’s various labels for Deafness?

A

Yes! Always!

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39
Q

Do I respect language preferences?

A

Yes!

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40
Q

What does MLS/MLC/HVO stand for?

A

MLS: Minimal Language Skills
MLC: Minimum Language Competency
HVO: Visually Oriented

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41
Q

What are schematic constructs?

A
  • physical characteristics
  • social roles
  • social interactions
  • psychological characteristics
  • membership associations
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42
Q

What are the three broad types of oppression?

A
  • individual
  • group
  • institutionalized
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43
Q

What is the pathological view of Deafness?

A

-Deaf need to be “fixed”

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44
Q

What is a pejorative view of a minority group?

A

A characteristic of an oppressor, and that being different is bad.

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45
Q

What is reciprocity of perspectives?

A

A characteristic of an oppressor, and thinking members of a different group want to be like your own.

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46
Q

What is paternalism?

A

A character of an oppressor, and the desire to take people under your wing in a “know it all” fashion.

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47
Q

What is meant by a fear freedom movement?

A

A characteristic of an oppressor, and an angry reaction when minority group tries to change the power balance.

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48
Q

How does audism affect Deaf?

A

-institutionalized oppression

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49
Q

What is fatalism?

A

-passively taking whatever happens

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50
Q

What is horizontal violence?

A

-violence against other members of your group

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51
Q

What is DPN?

A

Deaf President Now (1988)- A historic time that started political activism in Deaf community.

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52
Q

Do interpreters see oppression in clients?

A

Yes. Oppression has a life-long effect and interpreters see it on a regular basis.

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53
Q

Do interpreters need to know the dynamics of oppression?

A

Yes. Interpreters must learn dynamics and how the Deaf community responds to it.

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54
Q

What must interpreters learn in relation to oppression?

A

-must learn strategies of dealing with events/actions/feelings in relation to oppression

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55
Q

Will the interpreter be the brunt of hearing centered jokes?

A

Yes. You must learn how to deal with the feelings that may arise from this situation.

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56
Q

Do interpreters make money off Deaf?

A

Yes. You must learn how to listen and reflect on the Deaf view.

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57
Q

What kind of decisions to interpreters have to make?

A

-moral and ethical

58
Q

Will interpreters have stress related to insults?

A

Yes. You will have insults directed at hearing people and may have subsequent stress about that.

59
Q

What is the goal of interpreting?

A

-staying true to the intent of the message

60
Q

Do interpreters need to practice self care?

A

Yes! Interpreters may need to find coping mechanisms for stress and fatigue to maintain mental and emotional health.

61
Q

What is dynamic equivalence?

A
  • speaker’s intended interaction

- impact on audience

62
Q

What is modality?

A

The channel through which a message is expressed.

63
Q

What is a positive about consecutive interpreting?

A

It is more accurate than simultaneous interpreting.

64
Q

How should consecutive interpreting be used?

A

It should be used 1:1 or in small settings.

65
Q

Who do interpreters work for?

A

Both hearing and Deaf.

66
Q

What are work “settings?”

A

-external factors to describe one’s work (people involved, type of interaction, language used, purpose, etc.)

67
Q

What should an interpreter be more comfortable working from?

A

-their L2 to L1

68
Q

What are factors surrounding 1:1 situations?

A
  • can be formal/consultative
  • range from general lang.-jargon
  • goals can be varied
  • lends itself to consecutive interp.
  • easiest situation to start with as a baby interp.
69
Q

What are factors surrounding small group situations?

A
  • involves 3-20 people
  • goals include informing/advising/planning
  • rapid turn taking
  • hardest setting for baby interp.
70
Q

What are factors surrounding large group situations?

A
  • involves 20-30 people
  • little to no interaction with audience
  • goals include inspiring/informing/convincing
  • since you can prep for this work, this is also a good place for baby interp. to start
71
Q

What is the progression of interpreter models over the years?

A
  • helper
  • machine (conduit)
  • communication facilitator
  • bi-bi
  • ally
72
Q

Do interpreters vary in their model use?

A

Yes! There is a range of models used in North America.

73
Q

Are the interpreting models done evolving?

A

No! Since interpreting is such a new profession, the models will continue to evolve with it.

74
Q

How does a helper model view Deaf people?

A
  • handicapped
  • unable to manage their business affairs
  • Deaf are incapable of understanding world
  • ASL less preferred than English
75
Q

What does a helper interpreter look like?

A
  • overly involved
  • takes over and makes decisions for Deaf
  • moves out of interpreter role and advises, directs, or teaches
76
Q

How does a conduit model view Deaf people?

A
  • Deaf need to learn how to take care of themselves
  • does not recognize Deaf as a unique culture
  • does not recognize ASL as language
77
Q

What does a conduit interpreter look like?

A
  • assume no responsibility for interpretation
  • does not take communication dynamics into account
  • acts like a “robot”
  • confuses quantity with quality interpretation
78
Q

How does a communication facilitator view Deaf?

A
  • sees Deaf as part of handicapped population

- sees English as superior to ASL

79
Q

What does a communication facilitator interpreter look like?

A
  • aware of lighting, background, and sight lines

- focuses on interpreter appearance: fingernail polish, distracting jewelry…etc.

80
Q

How does a Bi-Bi model view Deaf?

A
  • recognizes Deaf as an oppressed minority group
  • accepts ASL as language
  • accepts Deaf as culture
81
Q

What does a Bi-Bi interpreter look like?

A
  • equalizing communication and empowering Deaf and hearing
  • sensitive to lighting, background, and sight lines… etc.
  • focuses on meaning and cultural mediation
82
Q

What is the challenge for interpreters in terms of modality?

A
  • deriving meaning
  • dropping from source language
  • managing speed of language delivery
83
Q

What is the challenge in grammatical structure?

A
  • avoiding SLIs

- conditionals in ASL must precede consequence

84
Q

What is the challenge in time/tense markers?

A
  • produce language that has appropriate time markers

- recognizing markers in ASL

85
Q

What is the challenge in negation/affirmation?

A
  • takes register into account

- avoidance of head-nods when working Eng. to ASL

86
Q

What is the challenge in determining meaning?

A
  • degree of detail (expansion and reduction techniques)
  • use of first or third person and/or role shifting
  • identifying implicit and explicit units of meaning
87
Q

What is the challenge in affect markers?

A

-incorporating visual affect informational units from ASL to Eng.

88
Q

What is the challenge in noun/verb modifier?

A
  • using CL and and other strategies appropriate for ASL

- when working ASL to Eng. having adequate vocabulary to interpret SASSes

89
Q

What is the challenge in pronouns?

A
  • providing number specificity when working from Eng. to ASL where possible
  • providing general specificity when working from ASL to Eng. where no gender is revealed
90
Q

What are the physical requirements of interpreting in relation to taking in source lang. ?

A
  • be able to see/hear communication
  • must be able to focus and sustain attending skills
  • patience
91
Q

What is the cognitive competence of interpreting in relation to taking in source lang. ?

A
  • close skills in ASL and English
  • ability to extract meaning and discard fluff
  • ability to store, retrieve, and connect quickly
92
Q

What are linguistic and cultural requirements of interpreting in relation to taking in source lang. ?

A
  • need a range in registers in each language
  • know how to accomplish goals in various languages
  • proper use of turn-taking
93
Q

What is social competence in interpreting in relation to taking in source lang. ?

A

-social skills and cultural finesse to support effective relationships between clients

94
Q

What is cognitive competence in relation to structure meaning?

A
  • ability to think clearly
  • includes critical thinking skills
  • focuses on intent and meaning
  • must be aware of own biases and beliefs
95
Q

What are linguistic and cultural requirements in relation to structure meaning?

A
  • identify speaker’s goals
  • able to recognize nuances in both languages
  • can identify cultural-based nonverbal signals
96
Q

What is a cohort group in relation to schema?

A

-able to identify cohort membership that may be shaping underlying meaning/how it is expressed

97
Q

What is schema?

A

-ability to deduce experiences and backgrounds and how that influences communication

98
Q

How do you get an equivalent message?

A
  • linguistic competence

- cultural competence

99
Q

How do you monitor?

A
  • confirming comprehension (checking in)
  • slow process
  • correcting errors
  • verify interpersonal dynamics
100
Q

Interpreters must be able to monitor what other behaviors?

A
  • work with frozen texts
  • work with people who have not used interpreters
  • how to ask for clarification
  • when to use consecutive/simultaneous form
101
Q

What did early interpreters look like?

A
  • CODA/ Deaf siblings
  • be teachers of the Deaf
  • be members of the clergy
102
Q

When did spoken language interpreting start as a profession?

A

-at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919

103
Q

What does interpreter education look like?

A
  • formal education minimum two years

- Bachelor’s and Master degrees in ASL/English are becoming more common

104
Q

Sign language interpreting vs Spoken language?

A

-sign language interpreters have more history, testing, and certification than spoken language interp.

105
Q

When was RID established?

A

-1964

106
Q

What is the three arm approach to interpreting used by RID?

A
  • National Testing System (NTS)
  • Certification Maintenance Program (CMP)
  • Ethical Practices System (EPS)
107
Q

After taking the CASLI Knowledge exam how long does the interpreter have to take the performance test?

A

-5 years

108
Q

Are there specialized practice certifications?

A

Yes! (in book Legal)

109
Q

How many competency areas on the NIC Exam?

A

10!

110
Q

What are the benefits of joining RID?

A
  • group insurance rates
  • networking with RID members
  • lower prices on tests and certifications
111
Q

What is the most important thing to an interpreter?

A

-the client’s best interest

112
Q

What is the code of ethics interpreters are supposed to follow?

A
  • CPC (code of professional conduct)

- should adhere strictly

113
Q

Are interpreters privy to personal information about clients?

A
  • Yes!
  • must deal with it in a discrete manner
  • avoid inappropriate emotional involvement
114
Q

What are interpreters responsible for?

A
  • trustworthiness
  • skill level
  • come to assignment prepared
115
Q

Do interpreters work unsupervised?

A

Yes, so they should have internalized moral base and sense of ethics.

116
Q

What do interpreters need to have in order to use code of ethics properly?

A

They must have a well developed sense of self and critical thinking skills.

117
Q

Are interpreters supposed to let members know what appropriate behavior is?

A

Yes, and they should protect the public from unethical practitioners.

118
Q

What are some of the steps to critical thinking decisions?

A
  • think about options available
  • identify consequences
  • rank options
  • act
  • review actions
119
Q

What are support groups?

A

(AKA case conferencing)- small group of professional peers committed to confidentiality, growth, and honesty

120
Q

What is mentoring?

A

-a more experienced interpreter serves as a sounding board about work and ethics and introduces baby interp. to Deaf community

121
Q

What are some requirements of interpreting in a Religious setting?

A
  • some clients prefer if interpreter is of the same belief
  • heavy use of formal or frozen registers
  • must be able to separate own beliefs from interpreted ones
122
Q

What are some requirements of interpreting in an Educational setting?

A
  • recommendation of graduation from interpreting program/ certification and a Bachelor degree
  • pay should include prep time
  • interpreter is part of educational team
  • highly controversial placement in Deaf community
123
Q

What are some requirements of working with a CI/CDI?

A
  • special knowledge about hearing/Deaf teaming is helpful

- payment should be same for both interpreters

124
Q

What are some requirements of working in a medical setting?

A
  • medical staff often do not understand what is needed for interp. to do their job effectively
  • interp. must be aware of various medical procedures and terminology
  • no specialized certification required, but can be life threatening to Deaf if not qualified
125
Q

What are some requirements of working in Legal settings?

A
  • many states require specialized certification

- ethical concerns are watched and dealt with in this setting more than others

126
Q

What are some requirements of working in Mental health settings?

A
  • should work closely with the therapist
  • any testing should be done with relay interpreter- if interp. wrong, can lead to misdiagnosis
  • should be a certified interpreter
  • higher fees are usually charged due to expertise needed
127
Q

What are some requirements for working in Conference settings?

A
  • may be paid hourly or day rate (accommodations may be paid for but not always)
  • usually work long hours
  • usually teamed
  • may have various paralinguistic demands
  • may have to work with or around technology
128
Q

What are some requirements for Theater settings?

A
  • no specialized certifications or qualifications needed
  • music/theater/drama training helpful
  • lighting is essential
  • complex placements
  • must get scripts and music in advance
  • must be paid for rehearsals and prep time
129
Q

What are some requirements for Employment related settings? (Job interviews, etc.)

A
  • preferably certified
  • must be sensitive to cultural adjustments needed
  • must know specialized terminology for job as well as tech for each job
  • less than optimal working conditions, interpreters need to be flexible
130
Q

What are some requirements for Social Service settings?

A
  • emotionally stable interp.
  • graduate of interpret education program
  • knowledge of terms that might arise is helpful
  • working conditions are often poor
131
Q

What are some requirements of Personal settings? (family reunions/ confrontations)

A
  • can be emotional
  • often unstable environments
  • needs flexibility
  • needs to set boundaries
  • pay can be on barter arrangement
132
Q

Are interpreters needed?

A

Yes, there is a shortage in North America. However, job demand varies on where you live, what work you do, and if you are self employed or not.

133
Q

What are the three types of employment?

A
  • staff interpreter (business, school, agency- has benefits)
  • contract interpreter (hourly for school or agency- no benefits)
  • free-lance interpreter (part to full time work- benefits paid for by interpreter)
134
Q

What are typical pay rates of interpreters?

A

-$20- $75 an hour

135
Q

What do interpreters need to calculate into pay rates as a FL interpreter?

A
  • transportation
  • office expenses
  • business clothing
  • health and malpractice insurance
136
Q

What are employment trends like in interpreting?

A
  • can ebb and flow

- should be used to working and then having a slow down with reduced income

137
Q

What are the business skills involved in interpreting?

A
  • writing business letters
  • basic bookkeeping and invoices
  • schedule maintenance
  • appropriate business policies
138
Q

Should beginning interpreters start with FL work?

A

No! Should build community trust before going FL.

139
Q

What is an invoice?

A

-collecting money owed

140
Q

What are the risks of a high demand interpreting schedule?

A
  • repetitive strain injury (RSI)
  • emotional burnout
  • fatigue

Interpreting III (1 decks)

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