Cases Flashcards

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1
Q

Gonzalez v. Raich

A

Home-grown marijuana case. Raich cultivated medical marijuana with no intention of distributing or selling on the market. The court determined that Congress may regulate local activities that, taken in the aggregate, could rationally be seen as having a substantial economic impact on interstate commerce.

Marijuana is a fungible commodity that could be readily diverted into the interstate market. Congress’s attempt to regulate the interstate market for marijuana would therefore would have been substanitally undercut if it could nto also regulate intrastate possession and consumption.

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2
Q

United States v. Lopez

A

18 year old was arrested in school for carrying a loaded firearm, which was in conflict with the Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990.

Rule: Congress can not, as a means of fostering an educated interstate labor market through the protection of schools, ban the possession of a firearm within a school zone.

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3
Q

United States v. Darby

A

Darby was charged with violating the Fair Labor Standards Act (the Act) by failing to comply with minimum wage and hour requirements for employees. He challenged the violation, claiming the regulation on intrastate wages and hours did not fall within the commerce powers of Congress.

Rule: If the regulated intrastate activity has a substantial effect on interstate commerce, Congress may regulate the activity regardless of Congress’s motive.

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4
Q

NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.

A

Steel company had numerous office in multiple states. NLRB found J & L engaged in unfair labor practices by firing empoyees involved in union activities. The Court determined the federal government has the power to regulate local employment practices when intrastate activies could potentially have a significant impact on interstate commerce.

Note: The US was coming out of the Great Depression. Industrial strife in oe location could have a raditating effect elsewhere, which impacts the movement and production

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5
Q

United States v. Morrison

A

Women was raped by two men on VTech college campus. Two men were suspended for a year but punishment was overturned b/c it was thought to be too harsh.
Rule: Congress can not, in an effort to ensure full participation of women in the interstate economy, subject private individuals and companies to suit for gender-motivated violent torts.

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6
Q

Gibbons v.

A

Commerce Clause

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7
Q

Heart of Atlanta Motel

A

Interstate Commerice

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8
Q

Katzenblack

A

Restaurant and Commerce Clause

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9
Q

Child Labor Tax Case

A

Questions the constitutionality of the Child Labor Tax Law

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10
Q

Champion v. Ames

A

Lottery Tickets

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11
Q

Hammer v. Dagenhart

A

Child Labor Case

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12
Q

Carter Coal

A

A

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13
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

A

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14
Q

District of Columbia v. Heller

A

A

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15
Q

Martin v. Hunter

A

A

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16
Q

Cooper v. Aaron

A

A

17
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

A

18
Q

Baker v. Carr

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A

19
Q

Nixon v. US

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A

20
Q

Muskrat

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A

21
Q

Allen v. Wright

A

A

22
Q

Lujan

A

A

23
Q

McCardle

A

Petition for Habeas Corpus

24
Q

United States v. Comstock

A

18 USC Section 4248 allows a district court to detain a mentally ill, sexually dangerous individual beyond their prison sentences. Under the Necessary and Proper Clause, Congress has the authroity to hold the mentallt ill and sexually dangerous past their max. prison sentences. Congress has the authority to control federal prisons and therefore maintain authority over inmates.

Dissent: No enumerated power exists that allows the fed. gov. to civilly commit a federal prisoner.

25
Q

Child Labor Tax Case

A

Questions the constitutionality of the Child Labor Tax Law. The Court drew a distinction between a tax and a penality. Article 1, Section 8, Cl. 1 gives the government the power to tax, not to charge a penality for violating the law. Compares to Hammer

26
Q

United States v. Butler

A

In 1933, Congress enacted the Agricultural Adjustment Act which allowed the Secretary of Ag. to set limits on production. Butler challenged the constitutionality of the suit. The court determined Congress may not use its taxing and spending powers to obtain an unconstitutional result, such as invading the reserved rights of teh state under the 10th Amendment.

Madison believed the clause merely gives Congress the ability to tax and spend to carry out its other enumerated powers.

Hamilton belibed the clause gave Congress the power to tax and spend so long as it was in furtherance of the general welfare.

Hamilton’s view is correct, however, there are still limits.