Cases Flashcards
What happened in the case of Prince in strict liability
D knew the girl was in her fathers possession but that was not 18. Guilty of strict liability for the aspect if age. Mens rea not required.
D knew the girl was in her fathers possession but that was 18. Guilty of strict liability for the aspect if age. Mens rea not required.
What case is this under which topic?
Prince- strict liability, mens rea not needed for part of the offence
Which topic is Prince under?
strict liability, mens rea not needed for part of the offence
What happened in the case of Hibbert?
D not guilty of having sex with 14 year old as D did not know girl was in the custody of her father. Age aspect is one of strict liability but offence OAPA.
What happened in the case of Lemon and Whitehouse v Gay News?
homosexual acts done to Jesus’ birthday after his crucifixion. Guilty of blasphemy.
What are the 4 factors in Gammon v Attorney General of Hong Kong?
- Presumption of mens rea can only be displaced if this is clearly or by necessary implication the effect of the words of the statute
- The presumption is particularly strong where the offence is truly criminal in character
- The presumption can only be displaced if the statute is concerned with an issue of social concern such as public safety
- strict liability should only apply if it will help enforce the law by encouraging greater vigilance to prevent prohibited act
- statute
- truly criminal
- social concern
- vigilance
- Presumption of mens rea can only be displaced if this is clearly or by necessary implication the effect of the words of the statute
- The presumption is particularly strong where the offence is truly criminal in character
- The presumption can only be displaced if the statute is concerned with an issue of social concern such as public safety
- strict liability should only apply if it will help enforce the law by encouraging greater vigilance to prevent prohibited act
- statute
- truly criminal
- social concern
- vigilance
What is the long name of the case which sets these rules from the Privy Council?
Gammon v Attorney General of Hong Kong
What happened in the case of Alphacell under the topic of strict liability-quasi-criminal offence?
Company was charged with causing pollution contrary to the Rivers Act. No evidence that the company polluted it purposefully. It was of the upmost public importance
homosexual acts done to Jesus’ birthday after his crucifixion. Guilty of blasphemy.
What case is this under which topic?
Lemon and Whitehouse v Gay News-Strict liability in common law
Company was charged with causing pollution contrary to the Rivers Act. No evidence that the company polluted it purposefully. It was of the upmost public importance
What case is this under which topic?
Alphacell- Quasi-criminal offence
What happened in the case of B v DPP under strict liability, penalty of imprisonment?
15 year old asked 13 year old for a oral sex contrary to the Children Act. HOL quashed as needed mens rea for offence which held 2 years imprisonment
15 year old asked 13 year old for a oral sex contrary to the Children Act. HOL quashed as needed mens rea for offence which held 2 years imprisonment
What case is this under which topic?
B v DPP under strict liability, penalty of imprisonment
What happened in the case of Blake under issues of social concern, strict liability?
D was a disc jokey who did not know they were transmitting illegally. Convicted.
D was a disc jokey who did not know they were transmitting illegally. Convicted.
What case is this under which topic?
Blake
What case comes under strict liability, promoting enforcement of the law?
Lim Chin Aik v The Queen
What happened in the case of Lim Chin Aik v The Queen under strict liability, promoting enforcement of the law?
D was convicted for entering Singapore when he should not have even though he had no knowledge that he was prohibited. Offence is not strict liability if its imposition did not assist the enforcement of regulations
D was convicted for entering Singapore when he should not have even though he had no knowledge that he was prohibited. Offence is not strict liability if its imposition did not assist the enforcement of regulations
What case is this under which topics?
Lim Chin Aik v The Queen
strict liability, promoting enforcement of the law
What is a case where D is guilty even though unaware of risk under strict liability?
Environment Agency v Empress
What happened in the case of Environment Agency v Empress under strict liability, guilty even though unaware of risk?
D could only escape liability if he could show that the occurrence of his business was ‘abnormal and extraordinary’ rather than a normal fact of life. in this case there was a leakage caused by defective valve. Guilty as was a fact of life.
D could only escape liability if he could show that the occurrence of his business was ‘abnormal and extraordinary’ rather than a normal fact of life. in this case there was a leakage caused by defective valve. Guilty as was a fact of life.
What case is this under which topics?
Environment Agency v Empress
What happened in the case of R v G under, contrary to Human Rights, Strict liability?
G was 15 who had sex with 12, believing she was 15. Advised to plead guilty as belief of age not relevant. No breach of Art 6.
G was 15 who had sex with 12, believing she was 15. Advised to plead guilty as belief of age not relevant. No breach of Art 6.
Whatcase is this under which topics?
R v G
What happened in the case of Attorney General’s reference 1993 under more than merely preparatory?
D dragged a girl to the shed, lowered his trousers, interfered with her private parts. Penis remained flaccid. Argued not an attempt. Held it was an attempt, though if he had only dragged her to the steps, this would not have been
D dragged a girl to the shed, lowered his trousers, interfered with her private parts. Penis remained flaccid. Argued not an attempt. Held it was an attempt, though if he had only dragged her to the steps, this would not have been
What case is this and from which topic?
Attempts, more than merely preparatory
What were the 2 questions raised in Geddes, mere preparation, attempts?
- Had the defendant moved from planning to execution?
2. Had D done an act which showed that he was trying to commit the offence
What happened in the case of Attorney General’s reference 1994, recklessness, attempts?
D threw a petrol bomb at a car of people, though it missed. not guilty as trial judge directed wrongly. It was necessary to prove that D intended to damage properly but only reckless as to whether life would be endangered
D threw a petrol bomb at a car of people, though it missed. not guilty as trial judge directed wrongly. It was necessary to prove that D intended to damage properly but only reckless as to whether life would be endangered
What case is this and from which topic?
recklessness, attempts-Attorney General’s reference 1994
What happened in the case of Attorney General’s Reference 1997, Reasonable creature in being, murder?
D stabbed his girlfriend who was heavily pregnant. Baby born alive but died weeks later from the premature birth brought on by wound. HOL said obiter than violence towards a foetus which results in harm suffered after the baby is born can give rise to criminal responsibility
D stabbed his girlfriend who was heavily pregnant. Baby born alive but died weeks later from the premature birth brought on by wound. HOL said obiter than violence towards a foetus which results in harm suffered after the baby is born can give rise to criminal responsibility
What case is this and from which topic?
Attorney General’s Reference 1997
Reasonable creature in being, murder
What happened in the case of Beckford?
D was a police officer who shot the man who had terrorised his family with a gun, in the back. Not guilty as force was deemed reasonable as D thought the man was armed and genuinely believed he was in danger
D was a police officer who shot the man who had terrorised his family with a gun, in the back. Not guilty as force was deemed reasonable as D thought the man was armed and genuinely believed he was in danger
What case is this and from which topic?
Backfired, reasonable force, law
Under which Act have householder cases been amended to allow more rights to householders when someone has intruded to “grossly disproportionate”?
Crime and Courts Act 2013 ammended s.76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
What happened in the case of inglis under euthansia, Murder?
Inglis was mother of V who had suffered from a significant brain disfigurement. D killed V with heroin to stop his pain. Convicted of murder but served a minimum of 5 years as nota dangerous person
Inglis was mother of V who had suffered from a significant brain disfigurement. D killed V with heroin to stop his pain. Convicted of murder but served a minimum of 5 years as nota dangerous person.
What case is this and from which topic?
Inglis, euthansia, murder
What happened in the case of R v DPP?
Mrs Purdy wanted to be assisted by her husabnd inn flying to another control to recieve euthanasia. DPP said that the Code for Crown Proseuctors had to be applied and that each case would be decided on its own merits
What did the case of Lloyd hold- substantially impaired, DR, Voluntary Manslaughter?
that substantial does not mean total, nor does it mean trivial or minimal. It is in-between for the jury to decide. However as it is a question of fact, the judge can withdraw the point from the jury if there is no evidence on which a jury could conclude that Ds mental responsibibly was substantially impaired?
that substantial does not mean total, nor does it mean trivial or minimal. It is in-between for the jury to decide. However as it is a question of fact, the judge can withdraw the point from the jury if there is no evidence on which a jury could conclude that Ds mental responsibibly was substantially impaired?
What case is this and from which topics?
Lloyd substantially impaired, DR, Voluntary Manslaughter
What happened in the case of Dowds under DR, intoxication, Voluntary manslaughter?
D was a binge drinker who murdered his girlfriend. Acute, voluntary intoxication does not found DR
D was a binge drinker who murdered his girlfriend. Acute, voluntary intoxication does not found DR
What case is this and from which topics?
Dowds DR, intoxication, Voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Dietschmann- intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
D was suffering from an adjustment disorder following the death of his aunty whom he believed V was disrespecting. D was drunk then kicked and killed V. HOl held that even though D is intoxicated, the jury should find him not guilty but instead, guilty of manslaughter
D was suffering from an adjustment disorder following the death of his aunty whom he believed V was disrespecting. D was drunk then kicked and killed V. HOl held that even though D is intoxicated, the jury should find him not guilty but instead, guilty of manslaughter
What case is this under which topics?
Dietschmann intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
What happened in the case of Hendy- intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
D was intoxicated but there was evidence of underlying brain damage and a psychopathic disorder, conviction thus quashed for manslaughter
D was intoxicated but there was evidence of underlying brain damage and a psychopathic disorder, conviction thus quashed for manslaughter
What case is this under which topics?
hendy- intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
D was heavily intoxicated but also suffered from an acute stress disorder when he killed V
Robson- intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
What happened in the case of Robson- intoxication and a pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
D was heavily intoxicated but also suffered from an acute stress disorder when he killed V
What happened in the case of Tandy under Intoxication due to ADS?
D was an alocholic who found out her husband was sexually abusing her daughter. She thus killed her daughter. D convicted as no evidence that her brain was injured/ or that she was drinking involuntarily.
What happened in the case of Wood, Intoxication due to ADS, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
D killed V after he awoke to V performing oral sex on him. Conviction quashed as the judge was wrong to direct the jury that all the drinking had to be involuntary
D killed V after he awoke to V performing oral sex on him. Conviction quashed as the judge was wrong to direct the jury that all the drinking had to be involuntary
What case is this under which topics?
WoodIntoxication due to ADS, DR, Voluntary manslaughter.
What did the case of Stewart 2009 establish underntoxication due to ADS?
- Was D suffering from an abnormailty of mind? Nature and extent of ADS must be considered
- Was D’s abnormality caused by ADS?
- Was Ds mental responsibilityy substantially impaired?
- Was D suffering from an abnormailty of mind? Nature and extent of ADS must be considered
2.Was D’s abnormality caused by ADS?
3.Was Ds mental responsibilityy substantially impaired?
Which case established these rules under which topic?
Stewart 2009 establish underntoxication due to ADS
What happened in the case of Dawes under fear of violence, Loss of Control, voluntary manslaughter?
D found his wife cheating on him with another, and stabbed the man. D convicted of murder. D cannot rely on sexual infidelity as a qualifying trigger (s.55)
D found his wife cheating on him with another, and stabbed the man. D convicted of murder. D cannot rely on sexual infidelity as a qualifying trigger (s.55)
What case is this under which topic?
Dawes, Loss of Control, voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Zebedee, things said or done s.5(4) Coroners and Justice Act, Loss of Control, Voluntary Manslaughter?
D killed his father with alziehmers. D pleaded under things said or done, but this must be of an extremely grave nature and D must have a justifiable sense of being ironed. Neither of which were present.
D killed his father with alziehmers. D pleaded under things said or done, but this must be of an extremely grave nature and D must have a justifiable sense of being ironed. Neither of which were present.
What case is this under which topics?
Zebedee things said or done s.5(4) Coroners and Justice Act, Loss of Control, Voluntary Manslaughter
What happened in the case of Clinton under excluded matters s.55(6), Loss of Control, Voluntary manslaughter?
D suffered from depression and was on medication when he killed his wife for having an affair and taunting him about suicide. Conviction quashed as court recognised that sexual infidiclety could not be a qualifying trigger in itself but could be looked at in the context of other factors.
D suffered from depression and was on medication when he killed his wife for having an affair and taunting him about suicide. Conviction quashed as court recognised that sexual infidiclety could not be a qualifying trigger in itself but could be looked at in the context of other factors.
What case is this under which topics?
Clinton excluded matters s.55(6), Loss of Control, Voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Jewell under Loss of Control, voluntary manslaughter?
D drove to V’s home and shot him.Judge ruled that this was a planned execution. guilty
D drove to V’s home and shot him.Judge ruled that this was a planned execution. guilty
What case is this under which topics?
Jewell Loss of Control, voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Workman, Loss of Control- voluntary manslaughter?
COA rejected D’s appeal for murdering his ex-wife as there was no evidence that D lost control.
COA rejected D’s appeal for murdering his ex-wife as there was no evidence that D lost control.
what case is this under which topics?
Workman Loss of Control, voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Barnsdale-Quean?
D strangled V to death, D suggested that V committed self strangulation after attacking him. No evidence of loss of control. Guilty
D strangled V to death, D suggested that V committed self strangulation after attacking him. No evidence of loss of control. Guilty
What case is this under which topic?
Barnsdale-Quean
What happened in the case of Ward under loss of control, fear of serious violence, voluntary manslaughter?
V physically attacked Ds brother- V was given loss of control
V physically attacked Ds brother- V was given loss of control
What case is this under which topics?
Ward fear of serious violence, voluntary manslaughter?
What happened in the case of Lodge,fear of serious violence, voluntary manslaughter?
D killed v who was a small scale drug dealer after V attacked him with a baseball bat. Jury accepted D lost control in response to serious violence.
D killed v who was a small scale drug dealer after V attacked him with a baseball bat. Jury accepted D lost control in response to serious violence.
What case is this and nuder which topic?
Lodge, fear of serious violence, voluntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Asmelash?
D stabbed V whilst intoxicated. Ds intoxication was not a relevant circumstance and should therefore be disregarded.
D stabbed V whilst intoxicated. Ds intoxication was not a relevant circumstance and should therefore be disregarded.
What case is this and under which topic?
Ashmelash
What happened in the case of Larkin under Dangerous act, involuntary manslaughter?
D threatened another man with a razor, which accidentally cut V who died. D’s actions were unlawful, thus conviction upheld.
D threatened another man with a razor, which accidentally cut V who died. D’s actions were unlawful, thus conviction upheld.
What case is this and under which topic?
Larkin
What happened in the case of JM and SM under some harm, involuntary manslaughter?
Ds caused a fight with a doorman who’s underlying, and unknown artery condition caused him to die. As Ds foresaw some harm, they did not have to foresee a specific type of harm
Ds caused a fight with a doorman who’s underlying, and unknown artery condition caused him to die. As Ds foresaw some harm, it did not matter that death was particularly unforeseeable
What case is this and under which topic?
Jm and Sm
What happened in the case of Cato under causing the death-involuntary manslaughter?
D and V injected each other with heroin. V died. D was found guilty contrary to OAPA 1861 through administering a noxious substance
D and V injected each other with heroin. V died. D was found guilty contrary to OAPA 1861 through administering a noxious substance
What case is this and under which topic?
Cato, causing the death, involuntary manslaughter
What happened int eh case of Dalby?
D supplied a drug which V self injected. Conviction quashed as although supplying the drug is an unlawful act, it was the act of injection which caused the death which V did voluntarily
D supplied a drug which V self injected. Conviction quashed as although supplying the drug is an unlawful act, it was the act of injection which caused the death which V did voluntarily
What is the case and under what topic?
Dalbycausing of the death, involuntary manslaughter?
What happened in the case of Kennedy under the causing of the death, involuntary manslaughter?
D prepared V’s injection, but V self injected. V died but D was found not guilty as supplying the drug is not sufficient to be guilty of the death
D prepared V’s injection, but V self injected. V died but D was found not guilty as supplying the drug is not sufficient to be guilty of the death
What is this case and under what topic?
kennedy
What happened in the case of Dias under alternative gross neg, involuntary manslaughter ?
D was a heroin addict and he and V self injected. D realised V was ill and asked a passer by to call ambulance while he fled. Ds conviction for manslaughter was quashed but COA did suggest that there could be a conviction under gross negligence where a duty of care could be established.
D was a heroin addict and he and V self injected. D realised V was ill and asked a passer by to call ambulance while he fled. Ds conviction for manslaughter was quashed but COA did suggest that there could be a conviction under gross negligence where a duty of care could be established.
What case is this and under what topic?
Dias, altnertaive gross neg, involuntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Bateman under gross negligence, involuntary manslaughter ?
D was a doctor who failed to send a woman to hospital after her uterus came away. Not guilty as he carried out the same procedures as any doctor would.
D was a doctor who failed to send a woman to hospital after her uterus came away. Not guilty as he carried out the same procedures as any doctor would.
What case is this under which topic?
Bateman
What happened in the case of Misra and another?
Ds, doctors, failed to realised that V had an infection after his surgery to which he later died from. Must consider the risk of death, It is not sufficient ti show a risk of bodily injury or injury to health,
Ds, doctors, failed to realised that V had an infection after his surgery to which he later died from. Must consider the risk of death, It is not sufficient ti show a risk of bodily injury or injury to health,
What case is this under which topic?
Misra and another, risk of death, GN, involuntary manslaughter
What happened in the case of Ireland, AR of assault, Non-fatals?
it was held that even silent telephone calls can be an assault
it was held that even silent telephone calls can be an assault
What case is this under which topic?
Ireland, AR of assault, Non-fatals
What happened in the case of Smith v Chief Superintendant of Working Police Station, Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals?
D stood outside Vs window, though an attack was not immediate, V feared what would happen next which was likely to be of a violent nature. This was sufficiently immediate for the purposes of the offence
D stood outside Vs window, though an attack was not immediate, V feared what would happen next which was likely to be of a violent nature. This was sufficiently immediate for the purposes of the offence
What case is this under which topics?
Smith v Chief Superintendant of Working Police Station, Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals
What happeneded in the case of Tuberville v Savage under Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals?
D placed one hand on a sword and said if it were not assize time then i would not take such language” Held not to be assault as what he said showed he would not
D placed one hand on a sword and said if it were not assize time then i would not take such language” Held not to be assault as what he said showed he would not
What case is this under which topics?
Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals
What happened in the case of Light, under Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals?
D raised a sword above his wife’s head and said if it were not for the police officer outside he would split her head open. This was an assault, his words were not enough to negate the fear
D raised a sword above his wife’s head and said if it were not for the police officer outside he would split her head open. This was an assault, his words were not enough to negate the fear
What case is this under which topics?
Apprehend immediate unlawful force, AR assault, Non-fatals
What happened in the case of Wood v DPP under AR Battery, non fatals?
V was reported to the police as violent, D a police officer believed V fitted the description and took him by the arm before arrest which was held to be a technical assault (battery)
V was reported to the police as violent, D a police officer believed V fitted the description and took him by the arm before arrest which was held to be a technical assault (battery)
What happened in this case under which topics?
Wood v DPP under AR Battery, Non-fatals?
What happened in the case of Martin under Indirect act, AR Battery, non-fatals?
D placed an iron bar across the doorway of a theatre and switched off the lights. Members of the audience in a panic were resultantly injured
D placed an iron bar across the doorway of a theatre and switched off the lights. Members of the audience in a panic were resultantly injured
What happened in this case under which topics?
Indirect act, AR Battery, non-fatals