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Fam med aquifer > Cases 11-15 > Flashcards

Cases 11-15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of knee pain in adolescents

A

patellar subluxation

tibial apophysitis (Osgood-Schlatter)

Patellar tendonitis

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2
Q

What are the most common causes of knee pain in an adult?

A

patellofemoral syndrome (diagnosis of exclusion for anterior knee pain)

overuse syndrome (pes anserine bursitis, suprapatellar bursitis, prepatellar bursitis, infrapatellar bursitis)

tramatic injuries (ligament and maniscal injuries)

inflammatory process (RA, OA, septic, reactive arthritis)

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3
Q

What should be initial management for OA?

A

exercise

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4
Q

What is a major side effect from NSAIDs

A

GI upset

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5
Q

How do NSAIDs affect HTN medications?

A

They decrease the effectiveness

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6
Q

How do NSAIDs affect sulfonylureas?

A

They increase the effect

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7
Q

When does USPSTF recommend colorectal cancer screening?

A

50-75

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8
Q

When should mammogram screening begin according to USPSTF?

A

50-74

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9
Q

What does USPSTF say about AAA screening?

A

men with a history of smoking between 65-75 should have a one time screen

woman should NOT be screened

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10
Q

What does USPSTF recommend regarding carotid artery screening?

A

don’t screen asymptomatic patients

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11
Q

When should pneumovax be given?

A

65+ one dose

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12
Q

When should zoster vaccine be given?

A

60+ one dose

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13
Q

When should someone with OA be referred to ortho?

A

When ALL non-operative management has failed to relieve symptoms adequately

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14
Q

What does the USPSTF recommend for women tryin to get pregnant

A

400-800mcg of folic acid

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15
Q

What are some signs of pregnancy?

A

amenorrhea

fatigue

nausea

breast tenderness

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16
Q

How do you calculate the estimated due date?

A

add 1 year - 3 month + 1 week

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17
Q

What are recommended lab studies to investigate 1st trimester bleeding?

A

CBC

wet mount for trich and PCR for G/C

progesterone (<5 is bad)

b-hcg

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of persistent cough and wheezing?

A

asthma

19
Q

Can ASA cause asthma

A

yeah

20
Q

how long does chronic sinusitis last for (at minimum)?

A

12 weeks

21
Q

Name the 3 points that help establish a diagnosis of asthma

A
  1. Episodic symptoms of airflow obstruction or hyperresponsiveness are present.
  2. This obstructive airflow is at least partially reversible.
  3. Alternative diagnoses are excluded.
22
Q

How do you classify intermittent, mild, moderate, and severe asthma?

A

frequency of symptoms
frequency of nighttime awakenings
frequency of short-acting beta2 agonist use for symptom control interference with normal activity
FEV1 value
FEV1/FVC ratio

23
Q

What s the most concerning long-term effect of asthma

A

less reversibility of the airway obstruction

24
Q

what are some long-term effects of uncontrolled asthma

A

Airway remodelling
Inflammation
Mucous hypersecretion
Airway smooth muscle hypertrophy
Angiogenesis
Subepithelial fibrosis

25
Q

How do you manage asthma?

A
26
Q

regarding peak flows in PFTs, what defines green zone, yellow zone, and red zone?

A
27
Q

an improvement in FEV1 value by ___ or increase in the percent predicted FEV1 value by ___ after bronchodilatoe is given diagnostic for asthma

A

an improvement in FEV1 value by 12% or increase in the percent predicted FEV1 value by 10% after bronchodilatoe is given diagnostic for asthma

28
Q

what is the expected weight gain in a pregnant woman with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9?

A

25-35 lbs

29
Q

what is the expected weight gain in a pregnant woman with a BMI between 25 and 29.9?

A

limit weight gain to 15-25lbs

30
Q

what is the expected weight gain in a pregnant woman with a BMI >30?

A

limit weight gain to 11-20lbs

31
Q

When should GDM and Rhogam be screened/administered?

A

~28 weeks

32
Q

if placenta previa does not resolve, what do you do?

A

c-section

33
Q

define chronic HTN in pregnancy

A

elevated BP detected before 20 weeks gestation that persists 12 weeks postpartum

34
Q

define gestational HTN

A

The presence of persistent systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg, without proteinuria, in a previously normotensive pregnant woman at or after 20 weeks of gestation.

35
Q

define preeclampsia

A

The presence of persistent systolic blood pressure of ≥ 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 90 mmHg, with proteinuria of 0.3 grams or greater in a 24-hour urine specimen.

36
Q

define eclampsia

A

Eclampsia describes the occurrence of one or more convulsions in the presence of preeclampsia without the presence of another underlying neurologic disorder in a pregnant woman with a history of elevated blood pressure and proteinuria.

37
Q

What are some signs of severe preeclampsia?

A

Visual disturbances
severe headache
right upper quadrant or epigastric pain
nausea
vomiting
decreased urine output

38
Q

common pregnancy rashes

A

The primary treatment goal is generally relief of symptoms, which can be ameliorated by topical emollients and glucocorticoids. Generally, oral steroids are not needed. Antihistamines can also be helpful, but also cause sedation.

39
Q

Which contraception method should be avoided in postpartum who plan to exclusively breastfeed?

A

progestin only

40
Q

when is serum screening performed?

A

15-21 weeks

41
Q

Define moderate drinking

A

1 drink a day for women

2 drinks a day for men

42
Q

define binge drinking

A

consumption of five or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion on one or more days in a 30-day period.

43
Q

Define heavy drinking

A

consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on a single occasion, five or more days in a 30-day period

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