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AP Environmental Science > Case V VI VII Flashcards > Flashcards

Case V VI VII Flashcards

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1
Q

The difference between primary and secondary pollution is

A

secondary pollutants are produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and the environment

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2
Q

Volatile organic compounds include

A

methane and propane

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3
Q

Acid rain is caused by a reaction between water and

A

sulfur oxides & nitrogen oxides

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4
Q

Photochemical smog is caused by a reaction between sunlight and

A

nitrogen oxides

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5
Q

What is an odorless gas that can cause death by interfering with oxygen uptake?

A

carbon monoxide

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6
Q

What is involved in the production of ozone

A

oxides of nitrogen

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7
Q

What is involved in the destruction of ozone

A

chloroflorocarbons

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8
Q

Radioactive air pollutants

A
  • are released by accidents at nuclear power plants and by the testing of nuclear weapons
  • can be given of when certain types of rocks weather
  • include isotopes of uranium and strontium
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9
Q

The use of fossil fuels release

A

suspended particular matter, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide

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10
Q

Ozone in the stratosphere

A
  • is created by chemical reactions between oxygen and ultraviolet light
  • is destroyed by chemical reactions with chlorine
  • is destroyed by chemical reactions with ultraviolet light
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11
Q

Ozone holes

A

form over the poles where the ozone layer is thinnest

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12
Q

Scrubbers in smokestacks can reduce emissions of

A

oxides of sulfur

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13
Q

Vapor-recovery nozzles on gas pumps can reduce emissions of

A

volatile organic compounds

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14
Q

Eutrophication can be caused by

A

oxygen-depleting wastes

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15
Q

Infectious agents can enter the water supply through

A

run-off from animal feedlots

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16
Q

Cancer and birth defects in humans can be caused by drinking water contaminated with

A

inorganic chemical pollutants

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17
Q

Sediment pollution in water leads to

A

reduced photosynthesis

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18
Q

What type of pesticide has the longest residence time in the environment

A

chlorinated hydrocarbons

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19
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

is the concentration of toxic chemicals in organisms over time

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20
Q

Soils are polluted by

A
  • pesticides
  • acid rain
  • radioactive fallout
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21
Q

Photochemical degradation

A

Breaks down some pesticides on the surface of soil

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22
Q

A temperature inversion

A

acids in the formation of smog

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23
Q

Data gathered from growth patterns in trees and corals and from ice and pollen records indicate that

A

the current climate change is happening much more quickly than most past changes

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24
Q

Over the past century, the average global surface air temperature has

A

rise by about 0.5C

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25
Q

The majority of climate researchers agree that

A

elevated levels of greenhouse gases will remain in the atmosphere for centuries to come

26
Q

Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation given off by

A

the earth

27
Q

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

increased very rapidly in the last half of the 20th century

28
Q

Increased exposure to UV-B radiation causes

A

higher rates of skin cancer

29
Q

As global warming causes the lower atmosphere to heat up

A

The upper atmosphere will cool down

30
Q

About 50 percent of the solar radiation that reaches the earth is

A

absorbed by the planet’s surface

31
Q

Almost all of the infrared radiation emitted from the surface

A

is absorbed by the atmosphere

32
Q

Coral reefs can be damaged by

A
  • an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
  • a decrease in atmospheric ozone
  • a significant rise or fall in water temperature
33
Q

Rising sea levels due to global arming could cause flooding that might affect how much of the world’s population

A

50%

34
Q

Rapid global warming will favor species with

A

the ability to migrate

35
Q

During the El Nino event, sea surface temperatures

A

are unusually cold in the western Pacific and unusually warm in the Eastern Pacific

36
Q

El Nino can cause Peruvian fisheries to crash because

A

the change in wind patterns suppresses upwelling

37
Q

The ocean’s surface currents affect climate by

A

carrying heat away from the equator and cold away from the poles

38
Q

Global warming causes sea levels to rise because

A
  • seawater expands when heated
  • glaciers retreat
  • high latitude snow and ice fields melt
39
Q

Approximately what proportion of the Earth’s surface is covered by seawater?

A

71%

40
Q

Which one of the following does not belong with the others?

A

mesocline

41
Q

Which one of the following terms is not used in reference to the vertical stratification of ocean water

A

mesocline

42
Q

The periodic climate variation in which trade winds slacken and surface waters of the central and eastern Pacific become anomalously warm are called

A

El Nino/Southern Oscillation

43
Q

The ions responsible of rate salinity of seawater come from

A
  • dissolved minerals in stream water
  • gases released during volcanic eruptions
  • dust eroded from desert regions and blown out to sea
44
Q

True/false: Each major ocean current is part of a large sub circular current system called a gyro

A

False

45
Q

T/F: Most of the water on the Earth is contained in three interconnected basins: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans

A

True

46
Q

T/F:The average salinity of seawater is about 35%

A

False

47
Q

T/F: The most important ions in seawater are Na+ and Cl-, the constituents of common salt

A

True

48
Q

The highest salinities in ocean water are found near the poles

A

False

49
Q

The ocean differs from the land in that water has a higher heat capacity

A

True

50
Q

Surface waves on the oceans receive their energy from winds blowing across the water surface

A

False

51
Q

Waves from in water are created by a loop like motion of water parcels, in which the diameter of the loops at the water surface are equal to the wave height

A

True

52
Q

Wave Refraction occurs when currents are deflected by the Coriolis effect

A

False

53
Q

Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the Earth

A

TRuse

54
Q

The greatest ocean depth yet measured is just over

A

11 km

55
Q

The ocean flow phenomenon first observed by Norwegian explore Fridtj of Nansen during his voyage across the frozen Arctic Ocean was subsequently named

A

Ekman transport

56
Q

El Ninos can cause

A
  • Failure of the Indian monsoon
  • Anomalous cyclones in Hawaii
  • Adverse effects on fishing off the coast of Peru
  • drought conditions in australia
57
Q

The four major basins of the world ocean are

A

The Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Souther Oceans

58
Q

Which of the following does not belong with the other

A

Subduction

59
Q

The topography of the seafloor is

A

Known in considerable detail because of high-resolution mapping and measurement

60
Q

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is

A

A dense-cold saline deep-water mass in the North Atlantic that extends from the intermediate water to the ocean floor

AP Environmental Science (1 decks)

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