Case V VI VII Flashcards
The difference between primary and secondary pollution is
secondary pollutants are produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and the environment
Volatile organic compounds include
methane and propane
Acid rain is caused by a reaction between water and
sulfur oxides & nitrogen oxides
Photochemical smog is caused by a reaction between sunlight and
nitrogen oxides
What is an odorless gas that can cause death by interfering with oxygen uptake?
carbon monoxide
What is involved in the production of ozone
oxides of nitrogen
What is involved in the destruction of ozone
chloroflorocarbons
Radioactive air pollutants
- are released by accidents at nuclear power plants and by the testing of nuclear weapons
- can be given of when certain types of rocks weather
- include isotopes of uranium and strontium
The use of fossil fuels release
suspended particular matter, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide
Ozone in the stratosphere
- is created by chemical reactions between oxygen and ultraviolet light
- is destroyed by chemical reactions with chlorine
- is destroyed by chemical reactions with ultraviolet light
Ozone holes
form over the poles where the ozone layer is thinnest
Scrubbers in smokestacks can reduce emissions of
oxides of sulfur
Vapor-recovery nozzles on gas pumps can reduce emissions of
volatile organic compounds
Eutrophication can be caused by
oxygen-depleting wastes
Infectious agents can enter the water supply through
run-off from animal feedlots
Cancer and birth defects in humans can be caused by drinking water contaminated with
inorganic chemical pollutants
Sediment pollution in water leads to
reduced photosynthesis
What type of pesticide has the longest residence time in the environment
chlorinated hydrocarbons
Bioaccumulation
is the concentration of toxic chemicals in organisms over time
Soils are polluted by
- pesticides
- acid rain
- radioactive fallout
Photochemical degradation
Breaks down some pesticides on the surface of soil
A temperature inversion
acids in the formation of smog
Data gathered from growth patterns in trees and corals and from ice and pollen records indicate that
the current climate change is happening much more quickly than most past changes
Over the past century, the average global surface air temperature has
rise by about 0.5C
The majority of climate researchers agree that
elevated levels of greenhouse gases will remain in the atmosphere for centuries to come
Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation given off by
the earth
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
increased very rapidly in the last half of the 20th century
Increased exposure to UV-B radiation causes
higher rates of skin cancer
As global warming causes the lower atmosphere to heat up
The upper atmosphere will cool down
About 50 percent of the solar radiation that reaches the earth is
absorbed by the planet’s surface
Almost all of the infrared radiation emitted from the surface
is absorbed by the atmosphere
Coral reefs can be damaged by
- an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
- a decrease in atmospheric ozone
- a significant rise or fall in water temperature
Rising sea levels due to global arming could cause flooding that might affect how much of the world’s population
50%
Rapid global warming will favor species with
the ability to migrate
During the El Nino event, sea surface temperatures
are unusually cold in the western Pacific and unusually warm in the Eastern Pacific
El Nino can cause Peruvian fisheries to crash because
the change in wind patterns suppresses upwelling
The ocean’s surface currents affect climate by
carrying heat away from the equator and cold away from the poles
Global warming causes sea levels to rise because
- seawater expands when heated
- glaciers retreat
- high latitude snow and ice fields melt
Approximately what proportion of the Earth’s surface is covered by seawater?
71%
Which one of the following does not belong with the others?
mesocline
Which one of the following terms is not used in reference to the vertical stratification of ocean water
mesocline
The periodic climate variation in which trade winds slacken and surface waters of the central and eastern Pacific become anomalously warm are called
El Nino/Southern Oscillation
The ions responsible of rate salinity of seawater come from
- dissolved minerals in stream water
- gases released during volcanic eruptions
- dust eroded from desert regions and blown out to sea
True/false: Each major ocean current is part of a large sub circular current system called a gyro
False
T/F: Most of the water on the Earth is contained in three interconnected basins: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans
True
T/F:The average salinity of seawater is about 35%
False
T/F: The most important ions in seawater are Na+ and Cl-, the constituents of common salt
True
The highest salinities in ocean water are found near the poles
False
The ocean differs from the land in that water has a higher heat capacity
True
Surface waves on the oceans receive their energy from winds blowing across the water surface
False
Waves from in water are created by a loop like motion of water parcels, in which the diameter of the loops at the water surface are equal to the wave height
True
Wave Refraction occurs when currents are deflected by the Coriolis effect
False
Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the Earth
TRuse
The greatest ocean depth yet measured is just over
11 km
The ocean flow phenomenon first observed by Norwegian explore Fridtj of Nansen during his voyage across the frozen Arctic Ocean was subsequently named
Ekman transport
El Ninos can cause
- Failure of the Indian monsoon
- Anomalous cyclones in Hawaii
- Adverse effects on fishing off the coast of Peru
- drought conditions in australia
The four major basins of the world ocean are
The Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Souther Oceans
Which of the following does not belong with the other
Subduction
The topography of the seafloor is
Known in considerable detail because of high-resolution mapping and measurement
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is
A dense-cold saline deep-water mass in the North Atlantic that extends from the intermediate water to the ocean floor
