Case V VI VII

Question 1

The difference between primary and secondary pollution is

Answer 1

secondary pollutants are produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and the environment

Question 2

Volatile organic compounds include

Answer 2

methane and propane

Question 3

Acid rain is caused by a reaction between water and

Answer 3

sulfur oxides & nitrogen oxides

Question 4

Photochemical smog is caused by a reaction between sunlight and

Answer 4

nitrogen oxides

Question 5

What is an odorless gas that can cause death by interfering with oxygen uptake?

Answer 5

carbon monoxide

Question 6

What is involved in the production of ozone

Answer 6

oxides of nitrogen

Question 7

What is involved in the destruction of ozone

Answer 7

chloroflorocarbons

Question 8

Radioactive air pollutants

Answer 8

• are released by accidents at nuclear power plants and by the testing of nuclear weapons
• can be given of when certain types of rocks weather
• include isotopes of uranium and strontium

Question 9

The use of fossil fuels release

Answer 9

suspended particular matter, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide

Question 10

Ozone in the stratosphere

Answer 10

• is created by chemical reactions between oxygen and ultraviolet light
• is destroyed by chemical reactions with chlorine
• is destroyed by chemical reactions with ultraviolet light

Question 11

Ozone holes

Answer 11

form over the poles where the ozone layer is thinnest

Question 12

Scrubbers in smokestacks can reduce emissions of

Answer 12

oxides of sulfur

Question 13

Vapor-recovery nozzles on gas pumps can reduce emissions of

Answer 13

volatile organic compounds

Question 14

Eutrophication can be caused by

Answer 14

oxygen-depleting wastes

Question 15

Infectious agents can enter the water supply through

Answer 15

run-off from animal feedlots

Question 16

Cancer and birth defects in humans can be caused by drinking water contaminated with

Answer 16

inorganic chemical pollutants

Question 17

Sediment pollution in water leads to

Answer 17

reduced photosynthesis

Question 18

What type of pesticide has the longest residence time in the environment

Answer 18

chlorinated hydrocarbons

Question 19

Bioaccumulation

Answer 19

is the concentration of toxic chemicals in organisms over time

Question 20

Soils are polluted by

Answer 20

• pesticides
• acid rain
• radioactive fallout

Question 21

Photochemical degradation

Answer 21

Breaks down some pesticides on the surface of soil

Question 22

A temperature inversion

Answer 22

acids in the formation of smog

Question 23

Data gathered from growth patterns in trees and corals and from ice and pollen records indicate that

Answer 23

the current climate change is happening much more quickly than most past changes

Question 24

Over the past century, the average global surface air temperature has

Answer 24

rise by about 0.5C

Question 25

The majority of climate researchers agree that

Answer 25

elevated levels of greenhouse gases will remain in the atmosphere for centuries to come

Question 26

Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation given off by

Answer 26

the earth

Question 27

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer 27

increased very rapidly in the last half of the 20th century

Question 28

Increased exposure to UV-B radiation causes

Answer 28

higher rates of skin cancer

Question 29

As global warming causes the lower atmosphere to heat up

Answer 29

The upper atmosphere will cool down

Question 30

About 50 percent of the solar radiation that reaches the earth is

Answer 30

absorbed by the planet's surface

Question 31

Almost all of the infrared radiation emitted from the surface

Answer 31

is absorbed by the atmosphere

Question 32

Coral reefs can be damaged by

Answer 32

- an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide - a decrease in atmospheric ozone - a significant rise or fall in water temperature

Question 33

Rising sea levels due to global arming could cause flooding that might affect how much of the world's population

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

Rapid global warming will favor species with

Answer 34

the ability to migrate

Question 35

During the El Nino event, sea surface temperatures

Answer 35

are unusually cold in the western Pacific and unusually warm in the Eastern Pacific

Question 36

El Nino can cause Peruvian fisheries to crash because

Answer 36

the change in wind patterns suppresses upwelling

Question 37

The ocean's surface currents affect climate by

Answer 37

carrying heat away from the equator and cold away from the poles

Question 38

Global warming causes sea levels to rise because

Answer 38

- seawater expands when heated - glaciers retreat - high latitude snow and ice fields melt

Question 39

Approximately what proportion of the Earth's surface is covered by seawater?

Answer 39

71%

Question 40

Which one of the following does not belong with the others?

Answer 40

mesocline

Question 41

Which one of the following terms is not used in reference to the vertical stratification of ocean water

Answer 41

mesocline

Question 42

The periodic climate variation in which trade winds slacken and surface waters of the central and eastern Pacific become anomalously warm are called

Answer 42

El Nino/Southern Oscillation

Question 43

The ions responsible of rate salinity of seawater come from

Answer 43

- dissolved minerals in stream water - gases released during volcanic eruptions - dust eroded from desert regions and blown out to sea

Question 44

True/false: Each major ocean current is part of a large sub circular current system called a gyro

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T/F: Most of the water on the Earth is contained in three interconnected basins: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F:The average salinity of seawater is about 35%

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T/F: The most important ions in seawater are Na+ and Cl-, the constituents of common salt

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The highest salinities in ocean water are found near the poles

Answer 48

False

Question 49

The ocean differs from the land in that water has a higher heat capacity

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Surface waves on the oceans receive their energy from winds blowing across the water surface

Answer 50

False

Question 51

Waves from in water are created by a loop like motion of water parcels, in which the diameter of the loops at the water surface are equal to the wave height

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Wave Refraction occurs when currents are deflected by the Coriolis effect

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the Earth

Answer 53

TRuse

Question 54

The greatest ocean depth yet measured is just over

Answer 54

11 km

Question 55

The ocean flow phenomenon first observed by Norwegian explore Fridtj of Nansen during his voyage across the frozen Arctic Ocean was subsequently named

Answer 55

Ekman transport

Question 56

El Ninos can cause

Answer 56

- Failure of the Indian monsoon - Anomalous cyclones in Hawaii - Adverse effects on fishing off the coast of Peru - drought conditions in australia

Question 57

The four major basins of the world ocean are

Answer 57

The Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Souther Oceans

Question 58

Which of the following does not belong with the other

Answer 58

Subduction

Question 59

The topography of the seafloor is

Answer 59

Known in considerable detail because of high-resolution mapping and measurement

Question 60

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is

Answer 60

A dense-cold saline deep-water mass in the North Atlantic that extends from the intermediate water to the ocean floor