Case Study/Formative Flashcards
What broad types of skills might the GP use during a consultation?
Content skills
Perceptual skills
Process skills
One factor affecting a consolation may be personal factors, give another factor and four examples of it
Physical factors; site and environment adequacy of medical records time constraints patient status
Kinds of questions that can be used to elicit more information
Open-ended Direct Closed Leading Reflected
What is the word used when body language and verbal language match?
Congruence
Can you disclose information about one patient to another? What oath guides you about this?
No - patient confidentiality
The Hippocratic oath
What percentage of the population are attending the GP for care at any point in time?
19%
What are the possible issues in having done the majority of undergraduate training in hospital specialties when considering, for example, a child presenting with abdominal pain?
Hospital is the tip of the iceberg of care
You will see a narrow spectrum of presentations in hospital and may gain a distorted view of the presentation of illness
What form of problem solving does a GP use to rapidly narrow down the list of likely diagnoses?
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
What is the WHO definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and note merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Jim is out walking when he becomes clammy, out of breath and nauseated. He starts to sweat and has a heavy feeling on his chest. He becomes faint, collapses and an ambulance is called. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myocardial infarction
What groups of medication might Jim be on when he is discharged?
Anti-platelets
Anti-anginals
Anti-hypertensives
Statins
Jim has decided not to start the medication he was prescribed, you endeavour to persuade him to start. What consultation model would be the preferred option when discussing Jim’s new treatment with him?
Mutual participation - he is an intelligent person who would likely respond to information about the risks and benefits of the proposed treatments. It would be important to allow him to ask questions and understand his treatment. This would likely result in improved concordance.
What factors might put someone at risk of developing a long-term condition?
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Allison is a middle-aged woman. She noticed pins and needles over her trunk. A few months later she noticed that she was unable to open bottle tops and was asking her husband to help. At work she has found herself dropping papers, and friends have noticed her stumble on the stairs on a number of occasions. What is the likely diagnosis?
Multiple sclerosis
Give examples of the potential impacts of long-term conditions
On the individual - can be negative or positive, includes denial, self-pity and apathy
On family - financial, emotional, health of other family members may be affected
Community/society - isolation of an individual may result, physical adaptions and changes in attitude may be required
WHO attempts to classify disability, including that resulting from long-term conditions, into 3 categories, what are these?
Body and structure impairment
Activity limitation
Participation restrictions
Allison is diagnosed with MS and her condition deteriorates rapidly. She needs increasing levels of support at home. What members of the primary care team may become involved in her care and what might their roles be?
GP - co-ordinating care and reviewing treatment and medication
District nurse - co-ordinating care at home, wound care, dressings, bloods, catheter care
Occupational therapist - assessing environment around the patient at home and work and providing aids to promote independence
Physiotherapist - looks to maximise patient’s physical function
Care manager - co-ordinating social care package
What approaches are used to help patients overcome their limitations? Define them.
Therapeutic - change the nature of the disability e.g. treating osteoarthritis with anti-inflammatories
Prosthetic - change the environment e.g. taxi card, occupational therapy, rails at home
What factors may influence the way someone reacts to their disability?
The nature of the disability
The information base of the individual i.e. education, intelligence and access to information
Personality of the individual
Coping strategies of the individual
Role of the individual – loss of role, change of role
The mood and emotional reaction of the individual
The reaction of others around them
The support network of the individual
If a person diagnosed with a long-term condition is the main income earner of their family, give 3 areas of their life that might be affected by their diagnosis.
Personal
Economic
Social
What are the differences between the way that Jim and Allison presented with their illnesses. What are the important pre-morbid factors. How might this affect their psychological adaptation to their illnesses?
Both consider themselves healthy and did not expect to become unwell. Jim is a little older so might have a different attitude to illness. His illness is relatively common and he might have friends with IHD and therefore some knowledge. However, his illness presented very suddenly, and he has had little time to adjust psychologically before becoming a patient on a significant number of medications.
Allison is very young to develop life-changing illness. She will have little experience of her condition (unless family or a friend have MS) and would not expect to have become unwell. However, her symptoms have developed gradually, so she may have had somewhat more time than Jim to adjust to her condition.
Brenda attends the GP noticing that she has been coughing much more than usual and is noticeably more short of breath than a year ago. She has no chest pain but can’t manage a brisk walk. She is a smoker. What is the most likely diagnosis?
COPD secondary to smoking
What would be the most important bit of advice or treatment option for Brenda?
To stop or reduce smoking
What barriers might stop Brenda from smoking?
Most likely used as a coping strategy to manage other life stresses
Likely that she will return to smoking until she finds other ways of coping
May be peer pressure from other friends/relatives who smoke