Case study for human use of a coastal landscape

Question 1

human activity

Answer 1

Areas for tourism
Access to the sea for transport, trade and fishing
Access to resources for building, beach nourishment

Question 2

Why is the area suitable for mining

Answer 2

It is a high - quality sand resource occurs in the nearshore zone
The area is rapidly growing

Question 3

Stores of holocene sand at Pakiri Beach

Answer 3

Sands were deposited in the holocene

Non - renewable source

Question 4

offshore sand mining and the sediment budget

Answer 4

Nearshore sand dredging on the 20 km long coastline between Mangawhai and Pakiri has operated for 70 years
Between 1994 and 2004, 165000 m3/year were extracted

Question 5

Future mining

Answer 5

Mining has now ceased at Mangawhai since 2005

continued at Pakiri beach

Question 6

Auckland beaches

Answer 6

large portion of sand is used for replenishing Aucklands tourist beaches
Auckland attracted 2.3 million foreign visitors in 2015

Question 7

Sediment budget

Answer 7

Essentially closed system
Outputs of sand through nearshore mining are not replaced
Extraction rates at Pakiri beach exceed inputs by a factor of 5