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Case study facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a millionaire city?

A

A city with more than I million inhabitants

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2
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A city with more than 10 million inhabitants

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3
Q

In what period did rapid urbanisation occur?

A

The industrial revolution

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4
Q

What is counter urbanisation?

A

When people move away from cities to the countryside

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5
Q

What is a push factor?

A

A negative factor that encourages you to leave where you are

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6
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

A positive factor about where you want to go

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7
Q

What are some factors that may PUSH you away from the countryside?

A

Mechanisation of farming
Lack of jobs
Unemployment

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8
Q

What are some things that may PULL you towards the city?

A

Money
Jobs
Better quality of life
Standard of living

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9
Q

What may you find in the CBD?

A

It is the commercial centre with shops, offices. Mostly has some of the oldest parts of the city. Land prices are high, so high rise buildings are a feature.

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10
Q

What may be found in the inner city?

A

Poor quality terraced housing. Industry such as factories.

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11
Q

What can you find in the suburbs?

A

More housing. Cheaper land. Middle class families.

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12
Q

What can be found in the rural urban fringe?

A

Right on the edge of the city. Few large houses and factories and farming

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13
Q

Statue some push factors causing a CBD to decline? (Negative about CBD)

A

Congestion reduces accessibility
Cost of land cost is too high
They are perceived to be dirty and unsafe

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14
Q

What are some pull factors (positive about another area)?

A

Rise in leisure shopping
More companies due to cheaper land prices
Beautiful environments

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15
Q

List some Brentwood case study facts

A

Brentwood is building a mall in the city centre
Around 73,000 people live there
Most businesses moved out to lakeside and blue water
£10mill was spent improving a mall
Another mall was built in Brentwood

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16
Q

What are some issues with people living in urban areas in richer areas of the world? (Housing crisis)

A

People live longer
Increase in divorce rates
People buy second homes

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17
Q

Advantages of greenfield sites

A 
Clean un contaminated land
Appealing environment 
Clean for planning design
May encourage rural development
Demand for housing
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18
Q

Disadvantages do greenfield sites

A 
Inadequate services
Damage habitats 
Settlements become dormitories 
Not many services
No infrastructure
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19
Q

What are cities like in pored countries?

A

CBD in the centre
Industry is found on the edge
Slums are on the edge

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20
Q

Advantages of brownfield sites

A

Pre existing infrastructure
Near to facupilities
Cuts commuting

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21
Q

What is the congestion charge?

A

A fee to pay to enter certain zones in the city such as Central London.

22
Q

What is ethnic segregation

A

When ethnic groups live in areas of the city separate from others

23
Q

Why do ethnic groups tend to stick together?

A

Same language

Same place of worship

24
Q

What are some reasons as to why urbanisation occurs faster in poor countries?

A

Young people migrate for work

They then have children

25
What is industrialisation?
A process in which increasing proportions of the population are employed in manufacturing
26
Disadvantages of browfield sites
Costly to develop Uncertain market value Lack of information about sites Fears of liability
27
Name so e issues for people living in urban areas in rich countries
Housing Traffic Multicultural mix Decline CBD
28
Why is housing an issue?
Not enough houses | Number of households has increased by only 30%
29
How is the housing issue being solved?
Building new houses or greenfield or brownfield Plan to build 240,000 new houses a year by 2016 60% being brownfield
30
Why has traffic and congestion levels increased?
Car ownership increased | Cars lead to lots of issues
31
How is traffic reduced?
Park and ride schemes Congestion charge; enforcing a fee when commuters enter certain areas Oyster cards; promotes use of public transport Boris bikes; promotes cycling to keep fit and reduce pollution
32
Case study facts on congestion charge
Raises £150 million a year It costs £11.50 Introduced by ken Livingstone, 2003
33
How can segregation be reduced?
Improving education to teach people about racism and hate crime Increasing employment opportunities to encourage people of different racial backgrounds to work together Organising community meetings Providing welcoming facilities for all
34
Multicultural mix case study facts
``` Shirley manor (Epping forest, Essex)a school in an area where 90% of the schools population is white British + thorn bury primary (Birmingham) organised an exchange in attempt to end segregation ```
35
What is super diversity?
A huge range in country of origin of migrants, language, religion, migration channels and immigration status.
36
Ethnic segregation other facts
In London: 300 languages spoken 1/5 are bilingual 1/3 is foreign born
37
urban development corporation inner city strategy facts
Set up in the 80s and 90s Used public funding and private investment to buy land To improve inner city areas
38
City challenge facts
Lock authorities nd community work to design a Scheme | Some funding from government and private companies
39
Inner city Olympics case study facts
900,000 tickets sold 250 businesses had to move for the build 5 mill offices created
40
What is. Squatter settlement?
Areas of cities which are usually found on the outskirts that are build by people with any materials they can find
41
What has caused squatter settlements in poorer areas of the world
Rapid urbanisation
42
Characteristics of squatter settlements?
No infrastructure Poor sanitation Overcrowding Littering
43
What are some strategies to improve squatter settlements
Self help; authorities help settlements to improve their homes Site and service; land is divided into plots with water electricity and things to improve quality of life
44
Dharavi case study facts
``` 4000 cases a day due to poor sanitation Mumbai most expensive area to live Risk of catching tuberculosis, typhoid and diphtheria 500 people share each toilet 55% of population live in slums ```
45
What are some problems in poor countries that are rapidly urbanising?
Industrial accidents; pollution, Electronic waste; people break up computer parts and melt them releasing fumes Unte Related sewage: flows into rivers causing with disease causing microbes Construction waste: leads to lots of waste, co2
46
How can the issues of rapid urbanisation in poor areas be reduced?
Waste disposal: landfills, residents extracts rubbish Air pollution: new technology reduces pollution Water pollution; treated water
47
What should a sustainable city do?
``` Conserve the historic and natural environment Reducing and safely disposing of waste Providing open spaces Involving local people Efficient transport system ```
48
Curitiba case study facts
Population of 1.8 million Master plan introduced 1968 Aimed to: control urban sprawl, reduce traffic, develop public transport, preserve historic areas Did: bus lanes, quality of life improved, 50,000 homes provided, speedy buses, Has a BrT bus rapid transport Each bus carries 2 million people a day Bus lanes 80 percent use bus No one lives more than 400m away from a bus stop
49
Informal sector
The part of the economy where jobs are created by people to try to get an income
50
Green belt
Land on the edge of a built-up area where restrictions are put on building to prevent the outward expansion of towns and cities
51
Bedzed case study facts
``` Zero carbon development in London All materials sourced within 35 mile radius Cheap electricity 82 residential homes Aims to cut water use by a third ```

Changing Urban Environments (1 decks)

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