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Changing Urban Environments > Case study facts > Flashcards

Case study facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a millionaire city?

A

A city with more than I million inhabitants

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2
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A city with more than 10 million inhabitants

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3
Q

In what period did rapid urbanisation occur?

A

The industrial revolution

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4
Q

What is counter urbanisation?

A

When people move away from cities to the countryside

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5
Q

What is a push factor?

A

A negative factor that encourages you to leave where you are

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6
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

A positive factor about where you want to go

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7
Q

What are some factors that may PUSH you away from the countryside?

A

Mechanisation of farming
Lack of jobs
Unemployment

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8
Q

What are some things that may PULL you towards the city?

A

Money
Jobs
Better quality of life
Standard of living

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9
Q

What may you find in the CBD?

A

It is the commercial centre with shops, offices. Mostly has some of the oldest parts of the city. Land prices are high, so high rise buildings are a feature.

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10
Q

What may be found in the inner city?

A

Poor quality terraced housing. Industry such as factories.

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11
Q

What can you find in the suburbs?

A

More housing. Cheaper land. Middle class families.

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12
Q

What can be found in the rural urban fringe?

A

Right on the edge of the city. Few large houses and factories and farming

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13
Q

Statue some push factors causing a CBD to decline? (Negative about CBD)

A

Congestion reduces accessibility
Cost of land cost is too high
They are perceived to be dirty and unsafe

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14
Q

What are some pull factors (positive about another area)?

A

Rise in leisure shopping
More companies due to cheaper land prices
Beautiful environments

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15
Q

List some Brentwood case study facts

A

Brentwood is building a mall in the city centre
Around 73,000 people live there
Most businesses moved out to lakeside and blue water
£10mill was spent improving a mall
Another mall was built in Brentwood

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16
Q

What are some issues with people living in urban areas in richer areas of the world? (Housing crisis)

A

People live longer
Increase in divorce rates
People buy second homes

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17
Q

Advantages of greenfield sites

A 
Clean un contaminated land
Appealing environment 
Clean for planning design
May encourage rural development
Demand for housing
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18
Q

Disadvantages do greenfield sites

A 
Inadequate services
Damage habitats 
Settlements become dormitories 
Not many services
No infrastructure
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19
Q

What are cities like in pored countries?

A

CBD in the centre
Industry is found on the edge
Slums are on the edge

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20
Q

Advantages of brownfield sites

A

Pre existing infrastructure
Near to facupilities
Cuts commuting

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21
Q

What is the congestion charge?

A

A fee to pay to enter certain zones in the city such as Central London.

22
Q

What is ethnic segregation

A

When ethnic groups live in areas of the city separate from others

23
Q

Why do ethnic groups tend to stick together?

A

Same language

Same place of worship

24
Q

What are some reasons as to why urbanisation occurs faster in poor countries?

A

Young people migrate for work

They then have children

25
Q

What is industrialisation?

A

A process in which increasing proportions of the population are employed in manufacturing

26
Q

Disadvantages of browfield sites

A

Costly to develop
Uncertain market value
Lack of information about sites
Fears of liability

27
Q

Name so e issues for people living in urban areas in rich countries

A

Housing
Traffic
Multicultural mix
Decline CBD

28
Q

Why is housing an issue?

A

Not enough houses

Number of households has increased by only 30%

29
Q

How is the housing issue being solved?

A

Building new houses or greenfield or brownfield
Plan to build 240,000 new houses a year by 2016
60% being brownfield

30
Q

Why has traffic and congestion levels increased?

A

Car ownership increased

Cars lead to lots of issues

31
Q

How is traffic reduced?

A

Park and ride schemes
Congestion charge; enforcing a fee when commuters enter certain areas
Oyster cards; promotes use of public transport
Boris bikes; promotes cycling to keep fit and reduce pollution

32
Q

Case study facts on congestion charge

A

Raises £150 million a year
It costs £11.50
Introduced by ken Livingstone, 2003

33
Q

How can segregation be reduced?

A

Improving education to teach people about racism and hate crime
Increasing employment opportunities to encourage people of different racial backgrounds to work together
Organising community meetings
Providing welcoming facilities for all

34
Q

Multicultural mix case study facts

A 
Shirley manor (Epping forest, Essex)a school in an area where 90% of the schools population is white British 
\+ thorn bury primary (Birmingham) organised an exchange in attempt to end segregation
35
Q

What is super diversity?

A

A huge range in country of origin of migrants, language, religion, migration channels and immigration status.

36
Q

Ethnic segregation other facts

A

In London:
300 languages spoken
1/5 are bilingual
1/3 is foreign born

37
Q

urban development corporation inner city strategy facts

A

Set up in the 80s and 90s
Used public funding and private investment to buy land
To improve inner city areas

38
Q

City challenge facts

A

Lock authorities nd community work to design a Scheme

Some funding from government and private companies

39
Q

Inner city Olympics case study facts

A

900,000 tickets sold
250 businesses had to move for the build
5 mill offices created

40
Q

What is. Squatter settlement?

A

Areas of cities which are usually found on the outskirts that are build by people with any materials they can find

41
Q

What has caused squatter settlements in poorer areas of the world

A

Rapid urbanisation

42
Q

Characteristics of squatter settlements?

A

No infrastructure
Poor sanitation
Overcrowding
Littering

43
Q

What are some strategies to improve squatter settlements

A

Self help; authorities help settlements to improve their homes
Site and service; land is divided into plots with water electricity and things to improve quality of life

44
Q

Dharavi case study facts

A 
4000 cases a day due to poor sanitation
Mumbai most expensive area to live 
Risk of catching tuberculosis, typhoid and diphtheria 
500 people share each toilet
55% of population live in slums
45
Q

What are some problems in poor countries that are rapidly urbanising?

A

Industrial accidents; pollution,
Electronic waste; people break up computer parts and melt them releasing fumes
Unte
Related sewage: flows into rivers causing with disease causing microbes
Construction waste: leads to lots of waste, co2

46
Q

How can the issues of rapid urbanisation in poor areas be reduced?

A

Waste disposal: landfills, residents extracts rubbish
Air pollution: new technology reduces pollution
Water pollution; treated water

47
Q

What should a sustainable city do?

A 
Conserve the historic and natural environment 
Reducing and safely disposing of waste
Providing open spaces
Involving local people
Efficient transport system
48
Q

Curitiba case study facts

A

Population of 1.8 million
Master plan introduced 1968
Aimed to: control urban sprawl, reduce traffic, develop public transport, preserve historic areas
Did: bus lanes, quality of life improved, 50,000 homes provided, speedy buses,
Has a BrT bus rapid transport
Each bus carries 2 million people a day
Bus lanes
80 percent use bus
No one lives more than 400m away from a bus stop

49
Q

Informal sector

A

The part of the economy where jobs are created by people to try to get an income

50
Q

Green belt

A

Land on the edge of a built-up area where restrictions are put on building to prevent the outward expansion of towns and cities

51
Q

Bedzed case study facts

A 
Zero carbon development in London 
All materials sourced within 35 mile radius 
Cheap electricity 
82 residential homes
Aims to cut water use by a third

Changing Urban Environments (1 decks)

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