Case Study: China Flashcards
Xi Jinping’s sweeping campaign against graft and other forms of corruption, launched in 2012 and used both to tackle government malfeasance at all levels and eliminate political rivals
Anticorruption Campaign
China’s huge infrastructure development and investment project launched in 2013, designed to link China to the rest of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and beyond
Belt and Road Initiative
Neo mercantilist model of state - led capitalist development adopted by China and proposed as an alternative to the Western neoliberal model known as the Washington Consensus
Beijing Consensus
China’s self described long century (1839-1949) of intervention and exploitation at the hands of Western and Japanese imperialists
Century of Humiliation
Authoritarian party that has ruled China from 1949 to the present
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Paramount leader Xi Jinping’s policy vision calling for China’s national rejuvenation, modernization, and prosperity
Chinese Dream
Philosophy attributed to Chinese sage Confucius (551-479 b.c.e), emphasizing social harmony
Confucianism
Mao’s radical movement launched in 1966 to regain political control from rivals, resulting in a decade of social and political chaos
Cultural Revolution
Maoist program providing all Chinese citizens lifetime affiliation with a work unit governing all aspects of their lives
Danwei System
Paramount leader (1978 - 97) who launched China’s policy of economic reform and opening
Xiaoping Deng
Meditative martial arts movement founded in 1992 and banned by the Chinese government in 1999 as an “evil cult”
Falun Gong
China’s roughly 300 million itinerant peasants who have been leaving the country side to seek urban employment since the 1990’s
Floating Population
Mao’s disastrous 1958-60 effort to modernize China through localized industrial production and agricultural communes
Great Leap Forward
CCP propaganda term for the continuation of economic reform but with more concern for the growing wealth and welfare gap between urban and rural China
Harmonious Society
Deng’s highly successful 1980’s rural reform program that lowered production quotas and allowed the sale of surplus agricultural produce on the (legislature)
Household Responsibility System
China’s paramount leader from 2002 to 2012
Jintao Hu
Maoist program that tied all Chinese to a particular geographic location
Hukou System
Program (1956-57) in which Mao encouraged intellectuals to offer criticism of national policy, followed by crackdown on critics
Hundred Flowers Campaign
Term for Mao’s promise of cradle-to-grave health care, work, and retirement security, which has largely disappeared under reform and opening
Iron Rice bowl
Deng’s successor in the 1990’s as China’s paramount leader
Zemin Jiang
‘China’s nationalist party founded by Sun-Yat-Sen and led by Chiang Kaishek, who was overthrown by Mao’s communists in 1949 and forced to flee to Taiwan
Kuomintang
China’s premier and head of government (2013-present)
Keqiang Li
The CCP’s 6000 - mile heroic retreat (1934 - 35) to northwestern China during the country’s civil war with the Chinese Nationalist Party, the KMT
Long March
Leader of the Chinese communist revolution, who dominated Chinese politics from the founding of the PRC until his death in 1976
Zedong Mao
Student-led anti-imperialist, cultural and political movement growing out of student demonstration in Beijing on May 4, 1919
May Fourth Movement
Chinese Communist Party’s cumbersome representative body; more akin to a national political party convention
National Party Congress
China’s national legislature
National People’s Congress
Term for China’s guarantee to Hong Kong of 50 years of domestic autonomy as a “special administrative region” after the British colony was returned to China in 1997
One country, Two systems
China’s military
People’s liberation army
Private entrepreneurs who are also members of the CCP and whose interests generally align with those of the party - state
Red Capitalists
Radicalized youth who served as Mao’s shock troops during the Cultural revolution
Red Guards
Term describing Mao’s policy favoring politically indoctrinated party cadres (Red) over those people who had economic training (experts)
Reds versus Experts
Deng’s economic liberalization policy, starting in late 1970’s
Reform and Opening
State-implemented behavioral modification system that tracks the economic and social actions of Chinese citizens and businesses, in in conjunction to how communist they are
Social Credit System
Enclaves established since 1979 by the Chinese government that have offered tax breaks and other incentives to lure foreign investment
Special Economic Zones
Historic plaza in Beijing where the Chinese party-state crushed the 1989 pro-reform and anti communist party demonstration
Tiananmen Square
Founder of China’s nationalist party and considered the father of modern China
Sun Yat-sen
Jiang Zemin’s 2001 policy co-opting private entrepreneurs into the CCP
Three Represents
China’s paramount leader, serving simultaneously as head of the party (CCP general secretary) head of state (PRC president), and head of the military (CMC chairman)
Jinping Xi
Ethnic muslim, turkie minority residing in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region, subject in recent years to intensive efforts of forced assimilation
Uighurs
