Case Study: Brazil

Question 1

Founded PT (Workers Party)
Investigated and jailed for Operation Car Wash
President since 2003-2010 and again since 2023

Answer 1

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Question 2

Part of left wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups during Mexican dictatorship,
Jailed and tortured from 1970-1972
President: 2011-2016
Technocrat, Chief of Staff, Lula’s hand-picked successor
Impeached for reasons unrelated to Operation Car Wash

Answer 2

Dilma Rousseff

Question 3

Law being used as a form of political competition
Model to address corruption
Damage to rule of law and public confidence

Answer 3

Lawfare

Question 4

President 2019-2023
Campaigned on a pro-market, socially conservative, nationalist, early campaign was moderate. Became far right and authoritarian during presidency, leading to calls for impeachment.

Answer 4

Jair Bolsonaro

Question 5

When did Brazil use ISI?

Answer 5

1940s

Question 6

1980s (Privatization and foreign investment)

Answer 6

Lost Decade