case study Flashcards
Managing Urban Growth
Favelas: > 1 000 on edge of city, steep hills (landslides). Poorly constructed e.g. Rocinha
Providing clean water,
sanitation
Non-improved favelas 50% no sewage connections, 12% no running water & 30% no
electricity (could argue the opposite figures)
Providing access to
services:
Health & education
Only 50% children in education after age 14.
shortage of teachers, low pay and poor training
40% no access to local family health clinic
Infant mortality rates v high: 50 per 1 000
Reducing unemployment
& crime
High rates. In favelas:
20% of working age are unemployed and 1/3 are informal sector - so don’t pay taxes
Murder rate of 20 per 1 000
Waste disposal
Worst problems in favelas - steep hillsides no road access for waste lorries. Waste dumped.
Pollutes water system. Diseases - cholera + rats
Traffic Congestion
Most congested city in South America. Rush hours - gridlock. Number of cars grown by 40%
in a decade.
air pollution
5 000 deaths per year - heavy congestion, exhaust fumes - pollutants from factories
water pollution
Guanabara Bay highly polluted - threat to wildlife. Pollution from open seers in favelas.
Fishing declined by 90% in last 20 years. Water pollution threats tourism
healthcare
in favelas authorities have arranged for medical staff to take health kits into homes.
detected 20 new diseases and treated them.
education
encouraged people to volunteer to help in schools
energy
electricity supply has been improved by installing 60 km of new power lines
economic opportunity
-industrial area in sepetiba bay where there is the largest steelworks in south America
-the city’s retail and consumer sector is now a major employer as people have more money to spend
land rover opened a 240 million car manufacturing factory (provides jobs)
