CASE STUDY Flashcards
e an invaluable record of the clinical practices of a profession
CASE STUDY
a record of clinical interactions which help us to frame questions for more rigorously designed clinical studies.
CASE STUDY
excellent technique to improve learning since they engage students and motivate them to use newly acquired skills straight away
CASE STUDY
vary from lectures or assigned readings in that they demand active participation and the purposeful use of a wide variety of abilities.
CASE STUDY
assist researchers in differentiating between knowing what to do and knowing what not to do, as well as when, how, and why to do it
CASE STUDY
- Single-case design
- Multiple-Case design
Designs of Case Study
It is where events are limited to a single occurrence. However, the drawback of this design is its inability to provide a generalizing conclusion, in particular when the events are rare
Single-case design
It can be adopted with real-life events that show numerous sources of evidence through replication rather than sampling logic
Multiple-case design
- Explanatory
- Exploratory
- Descriptive
- Multiple Case Study
- Intrinsic
- Instrumental
- Collective
Types of Case Study
This type of case study would be used if you were seeking to answer a question that sought to explain the presumed causal links in real-life interventions that are too complex for the survey or experimental strategies
EXPLANATORY
It is a type of case study that is used to explore those situations in which the intervention being evaluated has no clear, single set of outcomes
EXPLORATORY
This type of case study is used to describe an intervention or phenomenon and the real-life context in which it occurred.
DESCRIPTIVE
It enables the researcher to explore differences within and between cases.
MULTIPLE-CASE STUDY
The term ‘intrinsic’ suggests that researchers who have a genuine interest in the case should use this approach when the intent is to better understand the case. It is not undertaken primarily because the case represents other cases or because it illustrates a particular trait or problem, but because in all its particularity and ordinariness, the case itself is of interest.
INTRINSIC
It is used to accomplish something other than understanding a particular situation. It provides insight into an issue or helps to refine a theory
INTRUMENTAL
It is similar in nature and description to multiple case studies
COLLECTIVE
- provides much more detailed information than what is available through other methods, such as surveys.
- allow one to present data collected from multiple methods.
Advantages of Case Study
- Can be lengthy
- Lack rigor
- Not generalizable
Limitations of Case Study
- Introduction
- Chief Complaint
- Patient’s Profile
- Nursing History (Gordon’s Functional Pattern Of Assessment)
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic and Laboratory Examination
- Pathophysiology
- Problem List (Prioritization of Problems)
- Nursing Diagnosis
- Nursing Care Plan
- Drug Study
- Discharge Planning (M-E-T-H-O-D-S)
- References / Bibliography
PARTS OF CASE STUDY
This consists of one or two sentences to describe the context of the case and summarize the entire article
INTRODUCTION
In this part, we need to have a clear notion of what is particularly intriguing about the case we wish to explain at the outset of these instructions
INTRODUCTION
this part is where we convey this to the reader and it is useful to begin by placing the study in a historical or social context. If similar cases have been reported previously, we describe them briefly. If there is something especially challenging about the diagnosis or management of the condition that we are describing, now is our chance to bring that out.
INTRODUCTION
What is being studied?
Why is this topic important to investigate?
What did we know about this topic before I did this study?
How will this study advance new knowledge or new ways of understanding?
A proper introduction answers these questions
is a concise statement describing the symptom, problem, condition, diagnosis, physician recommended return or other factor that is the reason for the patient encounter
Chief Complain
helps nurses understand who their clients are and enables them to predict both present and future patients’ behavior and status changes
Patient’s Profile
provide a holistic model for assessment of the family because assessment data are classified under 11 headings
Gordon’s functional health patterns
- Health Perception and Health Management
- Nutritional-Metabolic
- Elimination
- Activity and Exercise
- Sleep and Rest
- Cognition and Perception
- Self-Perception and Self-Concept
- Roles and Relationships
- Sexuality and Reproduction
- Coping and Stress Tolerance
- Values and Beliefs
Gordon’s functional health patterns
may include checking vital signs, including temperature examination, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. The healthcare provider uses the senses of sight, hearing, touch, and sometimes smell (e.g., in infection, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis)
Physical Examination
includes using testing and other procedures to arrive at a diagnosis for a particular disease or illness. This is to establish the cause of a person’s condition, disease, or discomfort.
Diagnostic and Laboratory Examination
plays a very prominent role as these are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. These also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan, or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases.
Diagnostic and Laboratory Examination
are concerned with the investigation of biological processes that are directly related to disease processes of physical, mental, or psychophysiological conditions and disorders
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- Diseases and Etiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Investigation and Diagnosis
- Prognosis
Pathophysiology INCLUSIONS
causes, which can include congenital, hereditary, and acquireddiseases
ETIOLOGY
the objective and subjective evidence of disease.
S/Sx
can include anything from ocular observations to taking vitals, ordering imagistic or lab tests, or referring the patient for specialist investigations
investigations
the naming or identification of a disease.
Dx
the expected outcome of a disease. This refers to the patient’s chance of survival or recovery; depending on the disease; can be a full recovery, partial recovery, or fatal.
Prognosis
Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABCs)
First-Level Priority Problems
Mental Status Change
Acute Pain
Acute Urinary Elimination Problems
Untreated Medical Problems
Abnormal Laboratory Values
Risk of Infection, Safety or Security
Second-Level Priority Problems (MAA-U-AR)
lack of knowledge
lack of mobility
family coping
lack of activity
lack of rest
Third-Level Priority Problems (Long-Term Treatments)
a clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or a vulnerability to that response, by an individual, family, group, or community.
Nursing Dx
A minimum of three top-priority issues are listed inhere along with a description of the patient’s main complaints or key issues.
NCP
has to define goals and measures and come up with evaluation procedures, as well as outline prospective intervention options, such as pharmaceutical and nonpharmacological ones.
NCP
means learning about complete information about drugs (or) Study about the drug and drugs.
DRUG STUDY
Dose/Route
Action of drug
Indication of the drug
Contraindication of the drug
Side effect of the drug
Nursing responsibility of drug
DRUG STUDY INCLUSIONS
also the primary way that researchers find out if a new treatment, like a new drug or diet of medical device (for example, a pacemaker) is safe and effective in people.
DRUG STUDY
Medicines
Exercise / Activity
Treatment
Health Teaching
Outpatient (follow-up)
Diet
Spiritual Care
Discharge Planning (M-E-T-H-O-D-S)
understood as the act of giving credit to or mentioning the name of, someone or something. In research methodology, it denotes the items which you have reviewed and referred to, in the text, in your research work.
REFERENCES
list of books, magazines, journals, websites or other publications which are in some way relevant to the topic under study, that has been consulted by the researcher during the research
BIBLIOGRAPHY
