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A Level Geography Coasts (WJEC) > Case Studies/stats > Flashcards

Case Studies/stats Flashcards

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1
Q

Ria eg

A

Kingsbridge Estuary, Devon

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2
Q

Fjord example

A

Songefjord, Norway
- 205km long
- 1.3km deep

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3
Q

Dalmation coastline eg

A

Croatia
- 1240 islands running parallel to shoreline

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4
Q

Raised beach eg

A

Isle of Arran, Scotland
- raised beach 5m above sea level

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5
Q

Where are abandonnned cliffs in UK

A

East coast of Scotland rising 7mm/yr

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6
Q

What happened to Bay of Naples in 1980s

A

Fell by 5m due to tectonic activity

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7
Q

Concordant coastline eg

A

Jurassic coast (Portland stone then Wealden clay)

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8
Q

Discordant coast

A

South Gower coastline

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9
Q

What is the fetch for Holderness

A

800 km (from Scandinavia)

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10
Q

What is the fetch for cornwall

A

Ranges from 9000km (S.America) to 50km I(France)

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11
Q

Arch eg & how many visitors

A

Durdle Door 200k visitors /yr

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12
Q

CS: Gower Coastline

A
  • Up to 9000km fetch (S.America)
  • AONB
  • Landward dip at St.Govan’s Head therefore increased erosion
  • Avg 15kn windspeed (v high) accelerates erosion
  • Oxwich Bay
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13
Q

Stack/stump eg

A

Old Harry Rocks (Eastern end of Jurassic coast)

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14
Q

Geo eg

A

Huntsman’s Leap, Wales

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15
Q

Blowhole eg

A

Boscastle blowhole (Devil’s Bellows)

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16
Q

Cuspate foreland eg

A

Dungeness

17
Q

Spit eg

A

Hurst Spit (Barton-on-Sea)
Spurn Point (Holderness), growing 10cm/yr hobut slowed by groynes at Mappleton & Hornsea
Sandbanks (Bournemouth, where Harry Redknapp has a house there)

18
Q

Bar eg

A

Slapto Sands

19
Q

Tombolo eg

A

St Ninians Isle (Shetland Isle)

20
Q

CS: San Fransisco Bay

A

North bay:
Moderate river river & moderate tide causes partially mixed estuary
South bay:
In winter, little glacial melt means well mixed estuary
In summer, more glacial melt means stronger river & partially mixed estuary
Salt evaporating ponds have caused inverse estuary to an extent

21
Q

CS: Yellow Sea tidal flat

A
  • Unique environment
  • Supports rare species eg 3m migratory birds
  • Many rely on flora/fauna to make a living
  • 2% loss in area /yr
  • Threats: algal blooms due to sea temp rise, pollution, invasive species(pacific oyster), development causing 90% loss in Yellow River sediment in last century
22
Q

Coastal zone mangrove plant (pioneer plant)

A

Avicennia or Sonneratia adapted to salinity + pneumatophores

23
Q

Middle zone mangrove plant

A

Rhizophora adapted with prop roots

24
Q

Inland zone mangrove plants

A

Bruguiera trees, less tolerant to salinity & have knee like roots

25
Q

Threats to mangroves

A
  • Coastal development: 50% of mangroves lost in last 50 years due to it
  • Climate change: Sea rise, more storms & change in ppt could decline them by up to 45%
  • Pollution
  • Overfishing & unsustainable aquaculture
  • Deforestation: 100,000ha of mangrove lost in last 20 years Indonesia
26
Q

CS: Saltfleetby Nature Reserve

A
  • Located just above The Wash
  • National Nature Reserve NNR
  • Wide variety of flora/fauna eg Sparrowhawk
  • No hard engineering as marsh & dunes absorb energy
  • Accretion > erosion however estimated to change due to hold the line along parts of Holderness
27
Q

CS: Barton-on-Sea

A
  • Permeable sandstone above Barton caly causing slumping
  • Relatively low rainfall reduces slumping
  • 2m/yr erosion peak
  • Low fetch of 50km
  • Impacts: golf course redesigned, caravan parks had move some, roads/paths shut or moved
  • Hurst Spit
28
Q

CS: Jurassic Coast

A
  • Fetch usually low (50km) but can be up to 5000km
  • Limestone hard but susceptible to solution
  • Largely concordant coastline - Lulworth cove
  • UNESCO world heritage site
  • Attracts 5m /yr
29
Q

CS: Holderness coastline

A
  • Avg 2m/yr erosion, fastest in Europe
  • Low fetch of 800km (Scandinavia)
  • Frequent heavy rain, saturation & slumping
  • Southerly dip & well jointed yet still errodes fast
    Impacts:
  • Value of lannd lost = £261m in last 50 years
  • Hornsea Leisure Park losing caravan space
  • 100 chalets at Golden Sands Holiday Park lost
    Management:
  • Mappleton: £2m on revetment & rock groynes (granite from Norway)
  • Withersea: curved sea wall to redirect energy
  • Varying policies: managed retreat, unmanaged, hold the line
  • Spurn Head: Flexible road surface can be moved
  • Increased erosion downshore e.g. Saltfleetby NNR

A Level Geography Coasts (WJEC) (1 decks)

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