Case Studies Population Dynamics

Question 1

Overpopulation country

Answer 1

Bangladesh- 1062 /km2, Dhaka 43000 people/km2
Effects: lack of resources, rural poverty (4/5) 40% underemployed, 80% Bangladesh floodplains (40% flooded), overcrowding, urbanisation(8000 heactares lost annually)agricultura land , poor conditions, 35 million people to India (sea levels rising)

Question 2

Underpopulation

Answer 2

Australia- 24.6 million people, 3 per km2, 90% live in cities(coasts mainly), driest countries on earth
Effects: insufficient workers, resources not exploited, items increase costs as have to be imported, schools+hospital unused, 28.3% foreigners (pay less tax), 43% labour force (retire soon)

Question 3

Increase in population

Answer 3

Nigeria- 7.6 births per woman
Causes: polygamy, lack of contraception, religious beliefs, traditional , women seen as child bearers
Effects: child labour, lack of education, 63% under poverty, lack of jobs
Hausa tribal region- 7 per woman

Question 4

Decrease in population/ low population growth

Answer 4

Russia-0.22% growth of population
Causes- low investment in healthcare, abortion , emancipation of women, obesity rates increase , alcohol+tobacco, emigration (skilled workers overseas) birth rate: 13.3 per 1000
Effects: death rates increase,birth rates decrease, ageing population, brain drain

Question 5

Ageing population

Answer 5

Japan- life expectancy 80 men 86 women
Causes- first child after, healthy diet, vaccines, healthcare good
Effects/problems- declining workforce,less taxes, healthcare needed, raise wages(attract foreigners) less young- schools close

Question 6

HIV/AIDS

Answer 6

Botswana- 2nd highest in world, 1/4 of (15-44) HIV positive
Causes- lack of contraception, religious beliefs,prostitution,poor healthcare ( not treated- don’t know if positive), lack of education
Effects- 39% adults positive, infant mortality, less tourism, child labour, declining workforce, orphan children

Question 7

Pro-natalist policy

Answer 7

France- code de la famille
Incentives provided, subsidised holidays, Longer maternity and paternity leave , child benefits, pensions to housewives, preferential allocation in governmental housing

Question 8

Anti-natalist policy

Answer 8

China- one child policy (xiaopin 1974
1959-1961 famine killed 30 million
Impacts- prevented 400 million births, ageing population, gender imbalance, female infanticide, unregistered children, prostitution, 336 million abortions, 80% gays married ( traditions)

Question 9

Settlement service provision

Answer 9

Madrid (community)
High order services- 5 airports, 39 hospitals, apple store (puerta del sol), media market
Low order services- supermarkets(Mercadona etc…) local stores

Question 10

Squatter settlement

Answer 10

Mumbai- Dharavi slum ( squatter settlement between 2 railways
Next to richest kart of the city(big contrast)
High rates of urbanisation / pay no taxes- no services
Why?- can’t afford living, pay no tax(cheaper), can build houses themselves (come mainly for rural areas)
Solutions- give materials to build, regular rubbish collection, supply water and electricity

Question 11

Problems in urban areas

Answer 11

Mumbai
Social- flats unavailable(60% live in slums) ,house prices high, inequality in city, 0.03 acres per 1000 of open space
Environmental- 7000 tonnes of rubbish thrown to Mithi river daily
Pollution of river, 800 million litres of untreated sewage thrown daily( river used to drink and wash)
Economic- houses 1-3 million (flats), 1000 square feet city x90 GDP
Solutions- river dredged, removed obstacles , education, public toilets