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geography case studies > case studies for paper 1 > Flashcards

case studies for paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

how many people were killed during typhoon Haiyan

A

6300 - most drowned by storm surges

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2
Q

how many were displaced during typhoon Haiyan

A

600,000

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3
Q

how many homes were damaged or destroyed during typhoon Haiyan

A

40,000

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4
Q

what percentage of tacloban was destroyed during typhoon Haiyan

A

90%

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5
Q

2 more affects of typhoon Haiyan

A

tacloban airport badly damaged
300,000 boats destroyed

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6
Q

how many were affected in typhoon Haiyan

A

14,000,000

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7
Q

name 3 secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan

A

landslides and roads cut off
power supplies cut off
looting and violence broke out

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8
Q

when was typhoon Haiyan

A

November 2013

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9
Q

some background info of typhoon Haiyan

A

a category 5 storm that hit the coastline

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10
Q

where was typhoon Haiyan

A

tacloban - philipenes

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11
Q

name 3 immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan

A

international aid provided food aid, water aid and shelters
over 1200 evacuation centres set up
uk government sent aid kits and emergency shelters

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12
Q

name 3 long term responses to typhoon Haiyan

A

rebuilding of roads and bridges
people paid to clear debris
OXFAM supported the replacement of boats

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13
Q

where did the Hunga Tunga erupt

A

South Pacific

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14
Q

what is Hunga Tunga

A

part of an arc of volcanic islands - 114 metres above sea level

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15
Q

when did Hunga Tunga erupt

A

13th January 2009

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16
Q

how high was the Hunga Tunga ash plume

A

30km high

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17
Q

how far did Hunga Tunga spread

A

260km in diameter

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18
Q

what plate margin did Hunga Tunga erupt on

A

a destructive one

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19
Q

how many houses were destroyed on mango island

A

all of them

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20
Q

how many houses were destroyed on Tonga island

A

56

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21
Q

how high were the tsunamis as a result of Hunga Tunga

A

1.2 metres

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22
Q

when did mount ontake erupt

A

September 27th 2014

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23
Q

where did mount ontake erupt

A

island of Honshu - Japan

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24
Q

primary affects of mount ontake

A

40 injuries
lung damage
tephra

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25
Q

secondary affects of mount ontake

A

final death toll of 57
dangerous amount of hydrogen sulphide released

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26
Q

responses to mount ontake eruption

A

1000 workers sent to search for missing people

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27
Q

methods of earthquake management

A

satellite surveying
laser reflecting
radon gas sensors
seismometers
check water table level

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28
Q

facts about Haiti earthquake

A

Haiti is a small island in the carribean
capital city is port-au-prince
2010
7 magnitude earthquake

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29
Q

causes of Haiti earthquake

A

caused by NA-plate sliding past carribean plate at a conservative plate margin

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30
Q

how many were killed in Haiti earthquake

A

250,000

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31
Q

how many were killed in Haiti earthquake

A

316,000

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32
Q

how many were made homeless in Haiti earthquake

A

1,000,000

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33
Q

how many were affected in Haiti earthquake

A

3,000,000

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34
Q

how many homes were destroyed in Haiti earthquake

A

250,000

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35
Q

other primary affects of Haiti earthquake

A

damage to transport and communication links
4,000 inmates escaped prison
50+ hospitals badly damaged

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36
Q

secondary affects of Haiti earthquake

A

1 in 5 lost jobs
hospitals and morgues filled
diseases spread from bodies
looting broke out
aid struggled to get in due to transport

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37
Q

background information on Chile earthquake

A

27th February 2010
8.8 magnitude earthquake
destructive plate margin

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38
Q

primary effects of Chile earthquake

A

500 dead
12,000 injured
over 220,000 homes destroyed
4,500 schools damaged
around 30 billion dollars of damage

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39
Q

secondary affects of Chile earthquake

A

tsunami waves destroyed towns
a fire at Santiago chemical plant

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40
Q

immediate responses to Chile earthquake

A

quick response from emergency services
in 10 days 90% of homes had water and power

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41
Q

long term responses to Chile earthquake

A

4 year reconstruction
strong economy reduced need for aid
reconstruction plan launched to help 200,000 families

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42
Q

background info on Nepal earthquake

A

25th April 2015
magnitude 7.9
capital is Kathmandu
popular among tourists

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43
Q

cause of Nepal earthquake

A

collision plate boundary as Indian plate submerged below eurasian

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44
Q

primary affects of Nepal earthquake

A

9,000 dead
19,000 injured
8,000,000 affected
7,000 schools destroyed
overwhelmed hospitals

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45
Q

secondary affects of Nepal earthquake

A

avalanches and landslides triggered
19 deaths on Everest due to avalanches
high risk of flooding

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46
Q

short term responses to Nepal earthquake

A

india and china sent 1 billion
100+ uk searchers sent
Red Cross workers sent to help
500,000 tents set up
field hospitals set up

47
Q

long term responses to Nepal earthquake

A

aid donated
roads repaired
lakes drained to avoid floods
over 7,000 schools rebuilt
repairs to Everest base camp
homeless rehoused

48
Q

when was the Alberta wildfire

A

may 1st 2016

49
Q

where was the Alberta wildfire

A

fort macmurray canada

50
Q

impacts of Alberta wildfire

A

shell canada temporarily closed
lots of CO2 released
airport disrupted
power supplies disrupted
water and air pollution
1 billion cost for oil industry

51
Q

responses to Alberta wildfire

A

Alberta government provided money
donations of 50,000,000 from Red Cross
‘state of emergency’ declared
support from armed forces

52
Q

affects of Alberta wildfire

A

evacuation programmes overseen
jobs affected
transport affected
ash washed into sources
90,000 forced to leave

53
Q

possible human causes for Alberta wildfire

A

discarded cigarettes
unattended wildfires

54
Q

possible natural causes of Alberta wildfire

A

global warming
strong winds
el nino affects

55
Q

what’s happening in Odisha

A

the coast of Odisha is largely accreting
most of the erosion is in the south

56
Q

where is Odisha

A

a coast on the south east coast of India
most of its population live on the coast

57
Q

opportunities in Odisha

A

wide varieties of ecosystems
large stocks of fish and reptiles
huge potential for power
35% of coast contains placer minerals
tourism

58
Q

what did they do in Odisha

A

planted 1435km of mangroves

59
Q

benefits of mangroves

A

flooding impacts reduced
tsunami heights reduced
cheap to plant
roots build soils

60
Q

what is Kiribati

A

33 islands
east pacific
population just over 100,000
only one road along the island

61
Q

problems in Kiribati

A

climate change
rising sea levels
increased storm damage
lack of international aid

62
Q

solutions for Kiribati

A

president purchased land in Fiji
agriculture and fish farming opportunities in Fiji
‘migration with dignity’ in New Zealand
raised houses

63
Q

future of Kiribati

A

rising ocean threatens to submerge
reduction of fresh water reserves
storm damages will increase
people forced to move

64
Q

what happened at holderness

A

the soft boulder clay along the coast made it easy to erode

65
Q

where have lots of things been done to protect the coastline

A

Mappleton

66
Q

what happened at flamborough head

A

erosion of the cliffs made from less resistant chalk

67
Q

name some coastal features you may find at flamborough

A

caves, arches, stacks and stumps

68
Q

what has been implemented in Bridlington’s north promenade

A

granite rock armour to support the 165 metre sea wall

69
Q

what rate of erosion is Mappleton exposed to

A

2 metres per year

70
Q

how far is the village of Mappleton from the cliff edge

A

50 metres

71
Q

what occupation is being affected in Appleton

A

farming as most of the land is agricultural

72
Q

what is the name of the spit at holderness coast

A

spurn point

73
Q

name 2 features to protect the coast at bridlington

A

groynes and sea wall

74
Q

name 3 features to protect the coast at Hornsea

A

groynes , sea wall, rock armour and gabions

75
Q

name 2 features to protect the coast at Mappleton

A

beach nourishment, groynes and rock revetment

76
Q

name 2 locations at holderness where nothing is being done to protect the coast

A

spurn point
great cowden

77
Q

what is the cyosphere

A

all parts of the world where it is cold enough to freeze, eg glaciers

78
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

the outermost past of the earth, includes the crust and upper parts of the mantle

79
Q

what is the biosphere

A

where living things are found on earth, includes all living things on earth

80
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

all water on earth, may be solid, liquid or gas can be salty or fresh

81
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

the layer of gas between the earths surface and space held in place by gravity

82
Q

what is positive feedback

A

amplify changes in a system
increase affects

83
Q

what is negative feedback

A

counteract change in systems
decrease the affects

84
Q

what is an open system

A

energy and matter can both enter and leave
eg. drainage basins

85
Q

what is a closed system

A

energy can leave
matter cannot leave
eg. carbon cycle

86
Q

how much water on earth is found in the cyosphere

A

69%

87
Q

how much water on earth is held in groundwater

A

30%

88
Q

how much water on earth is freshwater

A

0.3%

89
Q

how much water on earth is stored as water vapour

A

0.04%

90
Q

what is Evaporation

A

when water changes state into gas
gains energy from solar radiation

91
Q

what affects rates of evaporation

A

location and season

92
Q

what is condensation

A

when water vapour becomes a liquid
loses energy

93
Q

what affects rates of condensation

A

amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
temperature

94
Q

name the stores in the water cycle

A

cryoshphere
groundwater
liquid water
atmosphere
water vapour
clouds

95
Q

name an input on the water cycle

A

solar energy

96
Q

name an output on the water cycle

A

energy lost to space

97
Q

name some processes in the water cycle

A

photosynthesis
precipitation
evaporation
infiltration
condensation
melting
deposition

98
Q

name 3 things that may lead to warm air cooling, leading to precipitation

A

other air masses
topography
convection

99
Q

what can affect the cryosphere

A

climate change

100
Q

what is a drainage basin

A

area surrounding the river where rain falling on the land flows into the river

101
Q

what is the boundary of a drainage basin

A

watershed

102
Q

what is infiltration

A

water soaking into the soil

103
Q

what is runoff

A

water flowing over the land

104
Q

what is through fall

A

water dripping from one leaf to another

105
Q

what is stem flow

A

water running down a plant stem or tree trunk

106
Q

what is percolation

A

water seeping down the soil into the water table

107
Q

what is base flow

A

when groundwater flows into rivers

108
Q

what is transpiration

A

evaporation within leaves

109
Q

what is peak discharge

A

when river discharge is at its greatest

110
Q

what is lag time

A

delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge

111
Q

what is the rising limb

A

part of the graph up to peak discharge

112
Q

what is the falling limb

A

after peak discharge

113
Q

name 4 things that affect the shape of hydrography

A

size of drainage basin
shape of drainage basin
ground steepness
rock and soil type

geography case studies (2 decks)

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