case studies for paper 1 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
how many people were killed during typhoon Haiyan
A
6300 - most drowned by storm surges
2
Q
how many were displaced during typhoon Haiyan
A
600,000
3
Q
how many homes were damaged or destroyed during typhoon Haiyan
A
40,000
4
Q
what percentage of tacloban was destroyed during typhoon Haiyan
A
90%
5
Q
2 more affects of typhoon Haiyan
A
tacloban airport badly damaged
300,000 boats destroyed
6
Q
how many were affected in typhoon Haiyan
A
14,000,000
7
Q
name 3 secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan
A
landslides and roads cut off
power supplies cut off
looting and violence broke out
8
Q
when was typhoon Haiyan
A
November 2013
9
Q
some background info of typhoon Haiyan
A
a category 5 storm that hit the coastline
10
Q
where was typhoon Haiyan
A
tacloban - philipenes
11
Q
name 3 immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan
A
international aid provided food aid, water aid and shelters
over 1200 evacuation centres set up
uk government sent aid kits and emergency shelters
12
Q
name 3 long term responses to typhoon Haiyan
A
rebuilding of roads and bridges
people paid to clear debris
OXFAM supported the replacement of boats
13
Q
where did the Hunga Tunga erupt
A
South Pacific
14
Q
what is Hunga Tunga
A
part of an arc of volcanic islands - 114 metres above sea level
15
Q
when did Hunga Tunga erupt
A
13th January 2009
16
Q
how high was the Hunga Tunga ash plume
A
30km high
17
Q
how far did Hunga Tunga spread
A
260km in diameter
18
Q
what plate margin did Hunga Tunga erupt on
A
a destructive one
19
Q
how many houses were destroyed on mango island
A
all of them
20
Q
how many houses were destroyed on Tonga island
A
56
21
Q
how high were the tsunamis as a result of Hunga Tunga
A
1.2 metres
22
Q
when did mount ontake erupt
A
September 27th 2014
23
Q
where did mount ontake erupt
A
island of Honshu - Japan
24
Q
primary affects of mount ontake
A
40 injuries
lung damage
tephra
25
secondary affects of mount ontake
final death toll of 57
dangerous amount of hydrogen sulphide released
26
responses to mount ontake eruption
1000 workers sent to search for missing people
27
methods of earthquake management
satellite surveying
laser reflecting
radon gas sensors
seismometers
check water table level
28
facts about Haiti earthquake
Haiti is a small island in the carribean
capital city is port-au-prince
2010
7 magnitude earthquake
29
causes of Haiti earthquake
caused by NA-plate sliding past carribean plate at a conservative plate margin
30
how many were killed in Haiti earthquake
250,000
31
how many were killed in Haiti earthquake
316,000
32
how many were made homeless in Haiti earthquake
1,000,000
33
how many were affected in Haiti earthquake
3,000,000
34
how many homes were destroyed in Haiti earthquake
250,000
35
other primary affects of Haiti earthquake
damage to transport and communication links
4,000 inmates escaped prison
50+ hospitals badly damaged
36
secondary affects of Haiti earthquake
1 in 5 lost jobs
hospitals and morgues filled
diseases spread from bodies
looting broke out
aid struggled to get in due to transport
37
background information on Chile earthquake
27th February 2010
8.8 magnitude earthquake
destructive plate margin
38
primary effects of Chile earthquake
500 dead
12,000 injured
over 220,000 homes destroyed
4,500 schools damaged
around 30 billion dollars of damage
39
secondary affects of Chile earthquake
tsunami waves destroyed towns
a fire at Santiago chemical plant
40
immediate responses to Chile earthquake
quick response from emergency services
in 10 days 90% of homes had water and power
41
long term responses to Chile earthquake
4 year reconstruction
strong economy reduced need for aid
reconstruction plan launched to help 200,000 families
42
background info on Nepal earthquake
25th April 2015
magnitude 7.9
capital is Kathmandu
popular among tourists
43
cause of Nepal earthquake
collision plate boundary as Indian plate submerged below eurasian
44
primary affects of Nepal earthquake
9,000 dead
19,000 injured
8,000,000 affected
7,000 schools destroyed
overwhelmed hospitals
45
secondary affects of Nepal earthquake
avalanches and landslides triggered
19 deaths on Everest due to avalanches
high risk of flooding
46
short term responses to Nepal earthquake
india and china sent 1 billion
100+ uk searchers sent
Red Cross workers sent to help
500,000 tents set up
field hospitals set up
47
long term responses to Nepal earthquake
aid donated
roads repaired
lakes drained to avoid floods
over 7,000 schools rebuilt
repairs to Everest base camp
homeless rehoused
48
when was the Alberta wildfire
may 1st 2016
49
where was the Alberta wildfire
fort macmurray canada
50
impacts of Alberta wildfire
shell canada temporarily closed
lots of CO2 released
airport disrupted
power supplies disrupted
water and air pollution
1 billion cost for oil industry
51
responses to Alberta wildfire
Alberta government provided money
donations of 50,000,000 from Red Cross
'state of emergency' declared
support from armed forces
52
affects of Alberta wildfire
evacuation programmes overseen
jobs affected
transport affected
ash washed into sources
90,000 forced to leave
53
possible human causes for Alberta wildfire
discarded cigarettes
unattended wildfires
54
possible natural causes of Alberta wildfire
global warming
strong winds
el nino affects
55
what's happening in Odisha
the coast of Odisha is largely accreting
most of the erosion is in the south
56
where is Odisha
a coast on the south east coast of India
most of its population live on the coast
57
opportunities in Odisha
wide varieties of ecosystems
large stocks of fish and reptiles
huge potential for power
35% of coast contains placer minerals
tourism
58
what did they do in Odisha
planted 1435km of mangroves
59
benefits of mangroves
flooding impacts reduced
tsunami heights reduced
cheap to plant
roots build soils
60
what is Kiribati
33 islands
east pacific
population just over 100,000
only one road along the island
61
problems in Kiribati
climate change
rising sea levels
increased storm damage
lack of international aid
62
solutions for Kiribati
president purchased land in Fiji
agriculture and fish farming opportunities in Fiji
'migration with dignity' in New Zealand
raised houses
63
future of Kiribati
rising ocean threatens to submerge
reduction of fresh water reserves
storm damages will increase
people forced to move
64
what happened at holderness
the soft boulder clay along the coast made it easy to erode
65
where have lots of things been done to protect the coastline
Mappleton
66
what happened at flamborough head
erosion of the cliffs made from less resistant chalk
67
name some coastal features you may find at flamborough
caves, arches, stacks and stumps
68
what has been implemented in Bridlington's north promenade
granite rock armour to support the 165 metre sea wall
69
what rate of erosion is Mappleton exposed to
2 metres per year
70
how far is the village of Mappleton from the cliff edge
50 metres
71
what occupation is being affected in Appleton
farming as most of the land is agricultural
72
what is the name of the spit at holderness coast
spurn point
73
name 2 features to protect the coast at bridlington
groynes and sea wall
74
name 3 features to protect the coast at Hornsea
groynes , sea wall, rock armour and gabions
75
name 2 features to protect the coast at Mappleton
beach nourishment, groynes and rock revetment
76
name 2 locations at holderness where nothing is being done to protect the coast
spurn point
great cowden
77
what is the cyosphere
all parts of the world where it is cold enough to freeze, eg glaciers
78
what is the lithosphere
the outermost past of the earth, includes the crust and upper parts of the mantle
79
what is the biosphere
where living things are found on earth, includes all living things on earth
80
what is the hydrosphere
all water on earth, may be solid, liquid or gas can be salty or fresh
81
what is the atmosphere
the layer of gas between the earths surface and space held in place by gravity
82
what is positive feedback
amplify changes in a system
increase affects
83
what is negative feedback
counteract change in systems
decrease the affects
84
what is an open system
energy and matter can both enter and leave
eg. drainage basins
85
what is a closed system
energy can leave
matter cannot leave
eg. carbon cycle
86
how much water on earth is found in the cyosphere
69%
87
how much water on earth is held in groundwater
30%
88
how much water on earth is freshwater
0.3%
89
how much water on earth is stored as water vapour
0.04%
90
what is Evaporation
when water changes state into gas
gains energy from solar radiation
91
what affects rates of evaporation
location and season
92
what is condensation
when water vapour becomes a liquid
loses energy
93
what affects rates of condensation
amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
temperature
94
name the stores in the water cycle
cryoshphere
groundwater
liquid water
atmosphere
water vapour
clouds
95
name an input on the water cycle
solar energy
96
name an output on the water cycle
energy lost to space
97
name some processes in the water cycle
photosynthesis
precipitation
evaporation
infiltration
condensation
melting
deposition
98
name 3 things that may lead to warm air cooling, leading to precipitation
other air masses
topography
convection
99
what can affect the cryosphere
climate change
100
what is a drainage basin
area surrounding the river where rain falling on the land flows into the river
101
what is the boundary of a drainage basin
watershed
102
what is infiltration
water soaking into the soil
103
what is runoff
water flowing over the land
104
what is through fall
water dripping from one leaf to another
105
what is stem flow
water running down a plant stem or tree trunk
106
what is percolation
water seeping down the soil into the water table
107
what is base flow
when groundwater flows into rivers
108
what is transpiration
evaporation within leaves
109
what is peak discharge
when river discharge is at its greatest
110
what is lag time
delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge
111
what is the rising limb
part of the graph up to peak discharge
112
what is the falling limb
after peak discharge
113
name 4 things that affect the shape of hydrography
size of drainage basin
shape of drainage basin
ground steepness
rock and soil type
