case studies for paper 1 Flashcards
how many people were killed during typhoon Haiyan
6300 - most drowned by storm surges
how many were displaced during typhoon Haiyan
600,000
how many homes were damaged or destroyed during typhoon Haiyan
40,000
what percentage of tacloban was destroyed during typhoon Haiyan
90%
2 more affects of typhoon Haiyan
tacloban airport badly damaged
300,000 boats destroyed
how many were affected in typhoon Haiyan
14,000,000
name 3 secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan
landslides and roads cut off
power supplies cut off
looting and violence broke out
when was typhoon Haiyan
November 2013
some background info of typhoon Haiyan
a category 5 storm that hit the coastline
where was typhoon Haiyan
tacloban - philipenes
name 3 immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan
international aid provided food aid, water aid and shelters
over 1200 evacuation centres set up
uk government sent aid kits and emergency shelters
name 3 long term responses to typhoon Haiyan
rebuilding of roads and bridges
people paid to clear debris
OXFAM supported the replacement of boats
where did the Hunga Tunga erupt
South Pacific
what is Hunga Tunga
part of an arc of volcanic islands - 114 metres above sea level
when did Hunga Tunga erupt
13th January 2009
how high was the Hunga Tunga ash plume
30km high
how far did Hunga Tunga spread
260km in diameter
what plate margin did Hunga Tunga erupt on
a destructive one
how many houses were destroyed on mango island
all of them
how many houses were destroyed on Tonga island
56
how high were the tsunamis as a result of Hunga Tunga
1.2 metres
when did mount ontake erupt
September 27th 2014
where did mount ontake erupt
island of Honshu - Japan
primary affects of mount ontake
40 injuries
lung damage
tephra
secondary affects of mount ontake
final death toll of 57
dangerous amount of hydrogen sulphide released
responses to mount ontake eruption
1000 workers sent to search for missing people
methods of earthquake management
satellite surveying
laser reflecting
radon gas sensors
seismometers
check water table level
facts about Haiti earthquake
Haiti is a small island in the carribean
capital city is port-au-prince
2010
7 magnitude earthquake
causes of Haiti earthquake
caused by NA-plate sliding past carribean plate at a conservative plate margin
how many were killed in Haiti earthquake
250,000
how many were killed in Haiti earthquake
316,000
how many were made homeless in Haiti earthquake
1,000,000
how many were affected in Haiti earthquake
3,000,000
how many homes were destroyed in Haiti earthquake
250,000
other primary affects of Haiti earthquake
damage to transport and communication links
4,000 inmates escaped prison
50+ hospitals badly damaged
secondary affects of Haiti earthquake
1 in 5 lost jobs
hospitals and morgues filled
diseases spread from bodies
looting broke out
aid struggled to get in due to transport
background information on Chile earthquake
27th February 2010
8.8 magnitude earthquake
destructive plate margin
primary effects of Chile earthquake
500 dead
12,000 injured
over 220,000 homes destroyed
4,500 schools damaged
around 30 billion dollars of damage
secondary affects of Chile earthquake
tsunami waves destroyed towns
a fire at Santiago chemical plant
immediate responses to Chile earthquake
quick response from emergency services
in 10 days 90% of homes had water and power
long term responses to Chile earthquake
4 year reconstruction
strong economy reduced need for aid
reconstruction plan launched to help 200,000 families
background info on Nepal earthquake
25th April 2015
magnitude 7.9
capital is Kathmandu
popular among tourists
cause of Nepal earthquake
collision plate boundary as Indian plate submerged below eurasian
primary affects of Nepal earthquake
9,000 dead
19,000 injured
8,000,000 affected
7,000 schools destroyed
overwhelmed hospitals
secondary affects of Nepal earthquake
avalanches and landslides triggered
19 deaths on Everest due to avalanches
high risk of flooding
short term responses to Nepal earthquake
india and china sent 1 billion
100+ uk searchers sent
Red Cross workers sent to help
500,000 tents set up
field hospitals set up
long term responses to Nepal earthquake
aid donated
roads repaired
lakes drained to avoid floods
over 7,000 schools rebuilt
repairs to Everest base camp
homeless rehoused
when was the Alberta wildfire
may 1st 2016
where was the Alberta wildfire
fort macmurray canada
impacts of Alberta wildfire
shell canada temporarily closed
lots of CO2 released
airport disrupted
power supplies disrupted
water and air pollution
1 billion cost for oil industry
responses to Alberta wildfire
Alberta government provided money
donations of 50,000,000 from Red Cross
‘state of emergency’ declared
support from armed forces
affects of Alberta wildfire
evacuation programmes overseen
jobs affected
transport affected
ash washed into sources
90,000 forced to leave
possible human causes for Alberta wildfire
discarded cigarettes
unattended wildfires
possible natural causes of Alberta wildfire
global warming
strong winds
el nino affects
what’s happening in Odisha
the coast of Odisha is largely accreting
most of the erosion is in the south
where is Odisha
a coast on the south east coast of India
most of its population live on the coast
opportunities in Odisha
wide varieties of ecosystems
large stocks of fish and reptiles
huge potential for power
35% of coast contains placer minerals
tourism
what did they do in Odisha
planted 1435km of mangroves
benefits of mangroves
flooding impacts reduced
tsunami heights reduced
cheap to plant
roots build soils
what is Kiribati
33 islands
east pacific
population just over 100,000
only one road along the island
problems in Kiribati
climate change
rising sea levels
increased storm damage
lack of international aid
solutions for Kiribati
president purchased land in Fiji
agriculture and fish farming opportunities in Fiji
‘migration with dignity’ in New Zealand
raised houses
future of Kiribati
rising ocean threatens to submerge
reduction of fresh water reserves
storm damages will increase
people forced to move
what happened at holderness
the soft boulder clay along the coast made it easy to erode
where have lots of things been done to protect the coastline
Mappleton
what happened at flamborough head
erosion of the cliffs made from less resistant chalk
name some coastal features you may find at flamborough
caves, arches, stacks and stumps
what has been implemented in Bridlington’s north promenade
granite rock armour to support the 165 metre sea wall
what rate of erosion is Mappleton exposed to
2 metres per year
how far is the village of Mappleton from the cliff edge
50 metres
what occupation is being affected in Appleton
farming as most of the land is agricultural
what is the name of the spit at holderness coast
spurn point
name 2 features to protect the coast at bridlington
groynes and sea wall
name 3 features to protect the coast at Hornsea
groynes , sea wall, rock armour and gabions
name 2 features to protect the coast at Mappleton
beach nourishment, groynes and rock revetment
name 2 locations at holderness where nothing is being done to protect the coast
spurn point
great cowden
what is the cyosphere
all parts of the world where it is cold enough to freeze, eg glaciers
what is the lithosphere
the outermost past of the earth, includes the crust and upper parts of the mantle
what is the biosphere
where living things are found on earth, includes all living things on earth
what is the hydrosphere
all water on earth, may be solid, liquid or gas can be salty or fresh
what is the atmosphere
the layer of gas between the earths surface and space held in place by gravity
what is positive feedback
amplify changes in a system
increase affects
what is negative feedback
counteract change in systems
decrease the affects
what is an open system
energy and matter can both enter and leave
eg. drainage basins
what is a closed system
energy can leave
matter cannot leave
eg. carbon cycle
how much water on earth is found in the cyosphere
69%
how much water on earth is held in groundwater
30%
how much water on earth is freshwater
0.3%
how much water on earth is stored as water vapour
0.04%
what is Evaporation
when water changes state into gas
gains energy from solar radiation
what affects rates of evaporation
location and season
what is condensation
when water vapour becomes a liquid
loses energy
what affects rates of condensation
amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
temperature
name the stores in the water cycle
cryoshphere
groundwater
liquid water
atmosphere
water vapour
clouds
name an input on the water cycle
solar energy
name an output on the water cycle
energy lost to space
name some processes in the water cycle
photosynthesis
precipitation
evaporation
infiltration
condensation
melting
deposition
name 3 things that may lead to warm air cooling, leading to precipitation
other air masses
topography
convection
what can affect the cryosphere
climate change
what is a drainage basin
area surrounding the river where rain falling on the land flows into the river
what is the boundary of a drainage basin
watershed
what is infiltration
water soaking into the soil
what is runoff
water flowing over the land
what is through fall
water dripping from one leaf to another
what is stem flow
water running down a plant stem or tree trunk
what is percolation
water seeping down the soil into the water table
what is base flow
when groundwater flows into rivers
what is transpiration
evaporation within leaves
what is peak discharge
when river discharge is at its greatest
what is lag time
delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge
what is the rising limb
part of the graph up to peak discharge
what is the falling limb
after peak discharge
name 4 things that affect the shape of hydrography
size of drainage basin
shape of drainage basin
ground steepness
rock and soil type
