Case Studies Beth

Question 1

Secondary effects of Katrina

Answer 1

People cannot return home, looting, insurance payouts totalled $34 billion. Damage cost $50 billion. 16 wildlife refuges had to close.

Question 2

Sustainability of Kobe 1995

Answer 2

Long term responses sustainable, not short term

Question 3

Primary effects of Haiti

Answer 3

830,000 killed, 250,000 residences ,30,000 commercial buildings, Looting, violence, bodies on streets

Question 4

Immediate responses of Haiti (where aid came from)

Answer 4

Foreign aid- 20 mill from UK, Workers, food, medicine sent, slowed by poor transport, Gov lost control, USA ran country

Question 5

Primary effects of Kobe

Answer 5

4,600 killed, 70,000 buildings collapsed, Port closed, railways destroyed, Buildings and trees sunk into ground

Question 6

Long term responses of Haiti

Answer 6

Aid decreases as other priorities, Gov still ineffective

Question 7

Sustainability of Haiti 2010

Answer 7

Unsustainable, though hard to judge, No changes to cope next time or on its own when aid stops, No political changes to building regs

Question 8

Secondary effects of Kobe

Answer 8

250,000 homeless, $100 billion damage, Fires caused by gas pipes and damaged power cables, Jobs lost, habitats destroyed, mountains need restabilising

Question 10

Mexico to USA: Causes

Answer 10

Pull: Higher average income in USA (GDP $47,000), and living standards in Mexico worse ( male LE =73 whereas USA=76), Push: Mexican peasants do not have enough land to live off, most is owned by small elite. Much of the farmland is poor quality.

Question 11

Sustainability of Mexico to USA Internal Migration

Answer 11

Vital for US Economy, but too many migrants means taking jobs from the Americans. Visas are a sustainable system.

Question 12

Immediate responses of Kobe

Answer 12

Gov took 6 days, people died under rubble, Local hospitals struggled

Question 13

Consequences of Mexico to USA Migration

Answer 13

Positive: money sent back to Mexico = 20 bill. per year, helps the economy, Mexican workers will do dirty, hard jobs Americans do not want. Negative: population decline in Mexican villages, living standards do not improve for average Mexican, conflict between natives and migrants.

Question 14

Long term responses of Kobe

Answer 14

Changed disaster response policies, Much better in 2004 Sendai earthquake,Transport networks more earthquake proof

Question 16

Causes of Kobe

Answer 16

3 tectonic plates met near Japan (Philippine, European, Pacific). Philippene subducted under lighter continental European. Build up of friction, plates lock, pressure builds, sudden movement 26km below surface. Shock waves radiate

Question 17

Secondary effects of Cyclone Nagis

Answer 17

98,000 deaths due to secondary causes, food prices soared, huge unemployment, $10 billion’s worth of damage. Coastal protection lost. Infertile land created.

Question 18

GMV: Environmental

Answer 18

Measure: cars discouraged-very few parking spaces, very good bus service, 50 acres of parkland, 600 shrubs, 12,000 trees and eco-houses. Sustainability: benefits people’s health due to walking and cycling, benefit to environment and economically as people save money on bills

Question 19

Cause of Haiti

Answer 19

Conservative plate boundary between Caribbean and North American plates. Friction occurs, plates lock, pressure builds, sudden movement 13 km below surface. Shock waves radiate

Question 20

Strategies of China’s One Child Policy

Answer 20

Couples only allowed to have one child, benefits if they did (free schooling, pension, general priorities), penalties to those who had more than one. Age of marriage was increased to 20 for females and 22 for men, so people had to get married later and have less children

Question 21

GMV: Overall

Answer 21

GMV is sustainable - there are measures to make it sustainable in economic social and environmental ways, but there is lack of long-term jobs, lack of community facilities, and fears of that people may not be able to cope without cars

Question 22

China’s need for management

Answer 22

55 million increase in population during 50s and 60s, high birth rate and low death rate

Question 23

China’s One Child Policy: Successful?

Answer 23

Yes: population growth slowed, about a 20 million estimated decrease, less pressure on resources. No: Age and gender imbalance, aging population was a problem and more boys than girls
Also ‘little emperors’- only children became spoilt. 1987 policy relaxed

Question 24

Management of Mexico to USA Migration

Answer 24

Migrants have to apply for a visa and fit certain criteria, border guarded by 17,000 guards as well as fences, infrared and helicopters. Illegal immigrants deported

Question 25

Causes of Cyclone Nagis

Answer 25

High ocean temperatures led to evaporation creating an area of low pressure, spiralling rain clouds formed by rising air cooling and condensing. Wind speeds increased as air rushed into area of low pressure. Storm surge, lifted ocean surface 3.5m

Question 26

Hurricane Katrina Causes

Answer 26

High ocean temperatures lead to evaporation. Spiralling rain bands and heavy rainfall caused by air cooling and condensing. Increase in wind speed as wind rushes to fill area of low pressure. Storm surge, surface of ocean lifted 8.5m

Question 27

Primary effects of Katrina

Answer 27

1,838 killed, 1 million homeless, 30 oil platforms destroyed, flooding, oil spills (7million gallons poured into sea), infrastructure damaged

Question 28

Immediate responses to Katrina

Answer 28

Population ordered to evacuate, but some could not afford to. National Government got involved and coordinated responses.

Question 29

Long term responses to Katrina

Answer 29

Rebuilding New Orleans, levees rebuilt and raised, homes rebuilt. Law changes, emergency management policies reorgainised

Question 30

Sustainability of China’s One Child Policy

Answer 30

Population had to decrease by 300 million to allow better living standards and prevent loss of resources. The population growth slowed but did not decrease. Methods unsustainable, created imbalances, which created future problems

Question 30

Sustainability of Hurricane Katrina

Answer 30

Learning from mistakes: law changes suggests the American government has learnt from their mistakes of Katrina, will probably respond better next time. Unsustainable levees: reliance on levees is concerning, rising sea levels mean levees may be topped.

Question 31

Primary effects of Cyclone Nagis

Answer 31

130,000 deaths, 450,000 homes destroyed, 600,000 acres of agricultural land and 75,000 hectares of mangrove swamp forests, as well as roads and electricity lines. Water polluted

Question 32

Immediate responses to Cyclone Nagis

Answer 32

Foreign aid, £17 million from UK. Gov hindered aid, as is a military junta so initially refused it.

Question 33

GMV: Social

Answer 33

Measure: Shared gardens and lawns encourage interaction. Community facilities means people do not need to go off site. Houses use latest tech. Sustainability: encourages the development of community, BUT some features not built and new tech can alienate some people

Question 34

Long term responses of Cyclone Nagis

Answer 34

Only 17,000 homes out of 450,000 rebuilt, little information released.

Question 35

Secondary effects of Haiti

And cost

Answer 35

1 million homeless, 52 aftershocks, weakened buildings collapsed, $10 billion cost, Cholera, Rubble slow to be cleared

Question 35

Sustainability of Cyclone Nagis

Answer 35

Difficult to judge. No evidence of changes to ensure people, economy, and environment are better protected next time

Question 35

GMV: Economic

Answer 35

Measure: houses range from luxury to affordable, water and energy saving devices to save on bills, jobs created in new builds like local school. Sustainability: benefits people, low prices, saving on bills, BUT: construction jobs are only temporary.