Case Studies Beth Flashcards
Secondary effects of Katrina
People cannot return home, looting, insurance payouts totalled $34 billion. Damage cost $50 billion. 16 wildlife refuges had to close.
Sustainability of Kobe 1995
Long term responses sustainable, not short term
Primary effects of Haiti
830,000 killed, 250,000 residences ,30,000 commercial buildings, Looting, violence, bodies on streets
Immediate responses of Haiti (where aid came from)
Foreign aid- 20 mill from UK, Workers, food, medicine sent, slowed by poor transport, Gov lost control, USA ran country
Primary effects of Kobe
4,600 killed, 70,000 buildings collapsed, Port closed, railways destroyed, Buildings and trees sunk into ground
Long term responses of Haiti
Aid decreases as other priorities, Gov still ineffective
Sustainability of Haiti 2010
Unsustainable, though hard to judge, No changes to cope next time or on its own when aid stops, No political changes to building regs
Secondary effects of Kobe
250,000 homeless, $100 billion damage, Fires caused by gas pipes and damaged power cables, Jobs lost, habitats destroyed, mountains need restabilising
Mexico to USA: Causes
Pull: Higher average income in USA (GDP $47,000), and living standards in Mexico worse ( male LE =73 whereas USA=76), Push: Mexican peasants do not have enough land to live off, most is owned by small elite. Much of the farmland is poor quality.
Sustainability of Mexico to USA Internal Migration
Vital for US Economy, but too many migrants means taking jobs from the Americans. Visas are a sustainable system.
Immediate responses of Kobe
Gov took 6 days, people died under rubble, Local hospitals struggled
Consequences of Mexico to USA Migration
Positive: money sent back to Mexico = 20 bill. per year, helps the economy, Mexican workers will do dirty, hard jobs Americans do not want. Negative: population decline in Mexican villages, living standards do not improve for average Mexican, conflict between natives and migrants.
Long term responses of Kobe
Changed disaster response policies, Much better in 2004 Sendai earthquake,Transport networks more earthquake proof
Causes of Kobe
3 tectonic plates met near Japan (Philippine, European, Pacific). Philippene subducted under lighter continental European. Build up of friction, plates lock, pressure builds, sudden movement 26km below surface. Shock waves radiate
Secondary effects of Cyclone Nagis
98,000 deaths due to secondary causes, food prices soared, huge unemployment, $10 billion’s worth of damage. Coastal protection lost. Infertile land created.
GMV: Environmental
Measure: cars discouraged-very few parking spaces, very good bus service, 50 acres of parkland, 600 shrubs, 12,000 trees and eco-houses. Sustainability: benefits people’s health due to walking and cycling, benefit to environment and economically as people save money on bills
Cause of Haiti
Conservative plate boundary between Caribbean and North American plates. Friction occurs, plates lock, pressure builds, sudden movement 13 km below surface. Shock waves radiate
Strategies of China’s One Child Policy
Couples only allowed to have one child, benefits if they did (free schooling, pension, general priorities), penalties to those who had more than one. Age of marriage was increased to 20 for females and 22 for men, so people had to get married later and have less children
GMV: Overall
GMV is sustainable - there are measures to make it sustainable in economic social and environmental ways, but there is lack of long-term jobs, lack of community facilities, and fears of that people may not be able to cope without cars
China’s need for management
55 million increase in population during 50s and 60s, high birth rate and low death rate
China’s One Child Policy: Successful?
Yes: population growth slowed, about a 20 million estimated decrease, less pressure on resources. No: Age and gender imbalance, aging population was a problem and more boys than girls
Also ‘little emperors’- only children became spoilt. 1987 policy relaxed
Management of Mexico to USA Migration
Migrants have to apply for a visa and fit certain criteria, border guarded by 17,000 guards as well as fences, infrared and helicopters. Illegal immigrants deported
Causes of Cyclone Nagis
High ocean temperatures led to evaporation creating an area of low pressure, spiralling rain clouds formed by rising air cooling and condensing. Wind speeds increased as air rushed into area of low pressure. Storm surge, lifted ocean surface 3.5m
Hurricane Katrina Causes
High ocean temperatures lead to evaporation. Spiralling rain bands and heavy rainfall caused by air cooling and condensing. Increase in wind speed as wind rushes to fill area of low pressure. Storm surge, surface of ocean lifted 8.5m
Primary effects of Katrina
1,838 killed, 1 million homeless, 30 oil platforms destroyed, flooding, oil spills (7million gallons poured into sea), infrastructure damaged
Immediate responses to Katrina
Population ordered to evacuate, but some could not afford to. National Government got involved and coordinated responses.
Long term responses to Katrina
Rebuilding New Orleans, levees rebuilt and raised, homes rebuilt. Law changes, emergency management policies reorgainised
Sustainability of China’s One Child Policy
Population had to decrease by 300 million to allow better living standards and prevent loss of resources. The population growth slowed but did not decrease. Methods unsustainable, created imbalances, which created future problems
Sustainability of Hurricane Katrina
Learning from mistakes: law changes suggests the American government has learnt from their mistakes of Katrina, will probably respond better next time. Unsustainable levees: reliance on levees is concerning, rising sea levels mean levees may be topped.
Primary effects of Cyclone Nagis
130,000 deaths, 450,000 homes destroyed, 600,000 acres of agricultural land and 75,000 hectares of mangrove swamp forests, as well as roads and electricity lines. Water polluted
Immediate responses to Cyclone Nagis
Foreign aid, £17 million from UK. Gov hindered aid, as is a military junta so initially refused it.
GMV: Social
Measure: Shared gardens and lawns encourage interaction. Community facilities means people do not need to go off site. Houses use latest tech. Sustainability: encourages the development of community, BUT some features not built and new tech can alienate some people
Long term responses of Cyclone Nagis
Only 17,000 homes out of 450,000 rebuilt, little information released.
Secondary effects of Haiti
And cost
1 million homeless, 52 aftershocks, weakened buildings collapsed, $10 billion cost, Cholera, Rubble slow to be cleared
Sustainability of Cyclone Nagis
Difficult to judge. No evidence of changes to ensure people, economy, and environment are better protected next time
GMV: Economic
Measure: houses range from luxury to affordable, water and energy saving devices to save on bills, jobs created in new builds like local school. Sustainability: benefits people, low prices, saving on bills, BUT: construction jobs are only temporary.
