Case studies- Bamburg Flashcards
When did Bamburg take place
1623-1632
where is Bamburg
Germany
How many people were executed
Around 900
What was Germany a part of (Hint: it is similar to the EU)
The Holy Roman Empire
What was the Holy Roman Empire
A patchwork of central European territories existed between 962-1806 under the authority of an emperor.
Were towns and villages free under the HRE to make their own decisions
They were given remarkable freedom
- as a result of this places were given the freedom
to make their own decisions on witchcraft
What was the counter-reformation
the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the 16th and early 17th centuries both against the Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal.
Consequences of the counter-reformation
Catholic troops in protestant villages, Protestants could face imprisonment in Bamburg tower
Who was Johann Gottfried Von Aschhausen
- prince bishop of Bamburg
- 1610 ordinance which stated anyone practising witchcraft would be severely punished
- had 300 ‘witches’ executed
What happened to the influence of the HRE during the thirty-year war
It declined as the behaviours of some of the emperors began to cause resentment.
What side did Bamburg fight on in the thirty-year war
Catholic
Why did the Thirty years war begin
Religious divisions founded in northern Europe
Economic consequences of the thirty years war in Bamburg
- Presence of large armies devastated Bamburg
- famine and a lot of men conscripted
- crop failure and inflation
impact of the thirty years war on witch craze in Bamburg
-Catholics in Bamberg became more fanatical than ever anyone who deviated from Orthodox Catholic practices was labeled a heretic and suspicion was laid upon the Devil.
Which people were targeted in the Bamburg witch hunts
- sexually promiscuous women
- political and religious attitudes towards the war that deviated from those of catholic authority
- people with a reputation for fortune-telling, healing, etc.
- Members of the upper class (Von Dornheim gained the right to seize witches property)
When was the little ice age
Early 17th century
What was the debt caused by the war
800,000 florins
What did they believe caused the little ice age?
witches
What was the Carolina law code
- made witchcraft a severe crime
- witches should be executed using fire
- enabled torture in Bamburg
What did the Carolina Law code state that Bamburg did not do
- stated accused should be allowed, lawyers
- trials should be done in public
- confessions should be backed up with evidence
What percentage of women were accused during the trials
72.7%
What was the average age of the accused
33.5
Were Jesuits accepting of protestants
No, they were fiercely anti protestant
What did Von Achhausen found
Catholic schools
What began the Thirty Years War
The defenestration of a catholic representative of the emperor in Prague
Two examples of witches that have been accused due to crop failure and bad weather
- Lorentz Kempffen Seebauer’s wife
- Katharina Merckhlerin
What was the gold value of the florin lowered too as a result of the economic crisis facing Bamburg
79% to 77%
Which significant figure in society was accused of witchcraft
Mayor of Bamburg John Junius
How many older women were sent to be executed in Ziel
seven
What was put in place in 1555
Peace of Augsburg - countries were allowed to pick which religion they wanted to support
What did people think of officials who did not persecute witches
That they themselves were essentially witches
What was hereditary guilt
People in the same family would often all be arrested for an accusation of witchcraft if even one of them was accused.
What was the name of Von Dornheims creation and what was it used for
The drudenhhaus. It was used to torture and incite a confession from witches
Who were both Von Ashhausen and Von Dornheim influenced by
Friedrich Forner
Who was Frederik Forner
Friedrich Forner was the vicar/ bishop in Bamburg and was a relentless witch hunter and “soul of the counter-reformation”
What was a popuar torture method in Bamburg
Thumbscrews
