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GLOBALISATION CASE STUDIES > CASE STUDIES > Flashcards

CASE STUDIES Flashcards

1
Q

GLOBAL HUBS

A
  • finance hub: London Stock Exchange
  • migration hub: Heathrow
  • goods hub: London Gateway, Essex
  • media hub: BBC
  • I-Hub: silicon roundabout
  • Governance hub: UK law
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2
Q

Transnational corporation (TNC)

A

a firm operating in more than one country/many countries/spreading across borders operating internationally/working globally

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3
Q

Globalisation statsitics

A
  • $26trillion in flows of goods, services, and finance in 2012
  • $40billion added to global GDP each year by flows
  • up to $85trillion flow of goods, services, finance by 2025, 3x value of 2012
  • 500% increase in international Skype call minutes since 2008
  • 90% of commercial seller on eBay export to other countries
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4
Q

1948, The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

A
  • initially 23 countries agreed 45,000 tariff concessions affecting US$10bil of trade
  • rose to 102 countries agreeing tariff reductions more than US$300billion
  • created after WW2 to build free trade, fees on trade would not have helped grow the economy after war
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5
Q

1994, The World Trade Organisation (WTO)

A
  • GATT became this, 123 countries
  • major reductions in tariffs and agricultural subsidies
  • full access for textiles, clothing from developing countries
  • extension to property rights
  • wants trade liberalisation
  • Laos can trade directly with Eu not just neighbours
  • USA still gives preferential treatment to their own companies, Del Monte, hard for Ecuador to export bananas to Europe
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6
Q

2001-now, Doha Development Round

A
  • unsuccessful negotiations to reduce barriers to trade made by WTO
  • main disagreement between developed economies (EU, US, Japan) and emerging (Brazil, India, China) is over agricultural subsidies, viewed as type of trade barrier
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7
Q

5 factors that have increased globalisation

A
  • TNCs
  • lower transport costs
  • computer + internet technology
  • international organisations
  • new markets
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8
Q

World Bank

A
  • lend money and give grants all around the world, poverty reduction
  • impose strict conditions
  • poor countries will rely on aid, don’t bother to fix economy themselves
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9
Q

International Monetary Fund

A
  • channels loans from rich to poorer country, have to agree to run free market economics and allow outside investment, Sierra Leone
  • gov might have to cut back on health care, education, sanitation, housing
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10
Q

CHINA

A
  • 1978 open door policy
  • outsourcing, cheaper labour, exploitation
  • internet censorship, control globalisation, greatest firewall, most extensive in world, blocked international rivals benefiting local businesses (Tencent- Chinese company), limits access to foreign info
  • trade protectionism, they are anti-immigration
  • 500million internet users
  • cover up controversial Chinese history
  • Google kicked out
  • Air quality data is fabricated, American embassy shows real data
  • “block and clone”
  • imprisoned journalists
  • gov scared online tools will organise rebellion
  • 2mil people directly or indirectly monitoring the internet for Chinese gov = jobs?
  • protects home grown companies with trade barriers
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11
Q

FIRST NATIONS: Canada

A
  • aboriginal people
  • 634 recognised gov, represented at Assembly of First Nations
  • protection of rights and culture
  • schools, health boards, towns, etc
  • Fracking threatens them
  • students leave to attend HS, threaten cultural survival
  • Beaver Dam Pond - flooded
  • road under construction, will connect Poplar River to Winnipeg
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12
Q

DENE FIRST NATION, Sahtu Region

want economic liberalism the most

A
  • negative impacts of petroleum development
  • 200mil barrels extracted since 1920
  • fish died in oil polluted lakes= their subsistence
  • effects of alcohol and drugs on behaviour of youth
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13
Q

FORT MCKAY FIRST NATION, Alberta

balanced between environmental/social and economic liberalism

A
  • worked with oil sands to protect land and culture
  • 250,000 barrels of bitumen a day
  • first nations benefit financially
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14
Q

HAIDA FIRST NATION

more towards environmental/social liberalism

A
  • protested in 1985 over logging
  • entire surroundings now protected
  • heritage site
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15
Q

POPLAR RIVER FIRST NATION

want social/environmental liberalism (resourced nationalism)

A
  • 2 million acres of lowland forest
  • wanted trees + soil to be left
  • established land management + conservation plan
  • want to be World Heritage Site
  • ban on all forms of development
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16
Q

GLOBAL SHIFT: Asia

A

economic centre of gravity shifted east
rapid urbanisation in developing countries
GOOD
- millions migrated for work, secondary sector
- less people living on $1.25 per day
- less poverty, contribute to economy, services initiated because spending money
- sectorial shift from primary to secondary
BAD
- less people in rural areas
- rapid rates of urbanisation = poverty and unemployment, poor public health care, overcrowding
- infrastructure can’t cope with inc. population
- can’t afford homes= slums or rent uncontrolled houses
- child labour, large scale
- 17 people dying annually in factories
- not being paid enough= slums + informal jobs
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
- high levels of pollution, exploitation of resources, dumping of waste
- corruption= hindrance to meeting emission targets
- emissions from transport
- dumping of waste, not well regulated

17
Q

BANGLADESH, Rana Plaza

A
  • 8 story building collapse
  • 2000 people inside
  • coffin of concrete and metal
  • clothing factories, Primark- shocked and saddened
  • workers complained about safety of building hour before they saw cracks in walls- told to go inside
  • ignore safety to feed demand of westernised clothes
  • 100+ died in fire
  • rescue efforts continued into night, casualties increased
  • worst industrial accident in Bangladesh’s history
  • now have: fire doors, sprinkler systems, electrical upgrades, stronger foundations set
  • factories need to be better regulated, trade unions should determine rules
  • TNCs and consumers profit
18
Q

PAKISTAN, Karachi

A
  • Karachi= capital of Pakistan
  • 20million people
  • most populous city in Pakistan, 6th most populous city in world
  • 90% of young people do not see opportunities in area
  • 41% people uncertain about political future, not involved
  • Karachi: industrial + financial centre
  • formal economy: $133billion
  • 20% of Pakistan’s GDP
  • 95% of Pakistan’s foreign trade
  • 90% of multinational corporations headquarters in Karachi
  • city’s murder rate decreased by 75% from 2013-2015, kidnappings decreased by 90%
  • infrastructure can’t withstand rapid population increase
  • no cohesive transportation, 1,000 new cars added daily to city’s congested streets
  • not enough schools, hospitals, stress, QoL worsens
  • agricultural sector 20% to GDP, employs 42%
  • assume life in city is better
  • migrants= no qualifications
  • KATCHI ABADIS/Orangi (slums), “slips” for refugees, allowed them to settle in any vacant land, 50% of city’s residents live here, extremism begins here
  • ASWJ- extremist group, solves issues gov doesn’t: free education but with Islamic basis
  • police checkpoints, effective due to decrease in murder/crime
  • police= not well resourced
  • informal sector, employs 70% of city’s workers
  • Pakistan Rangers
19
Q

RUSSIAN OLIGARCHS

A
  • Accession 8 (2004), expansion of the EU, extended rights to live and work in other EU member states: Eastern and Central European
  • jobs, unemployment rate in UK 5%
  • earn 4-5x pay as you would in Poland
  • 10,000 migrants went to Slough, pressure on health, education, housing
  • schools= EALs needed
  • need 10 new schools in Slough
  • 5 tier visa system, target is 100,000 per year
    BENEFITS FOR SOURCE
  • remittances invested in local services
  • less unemployment as people have moved
  • wages rise = fewer workers available
  • new job opportunities for women
  • services less overcrowded
    LOSS FOR SOURCE
  • loss of skilled workers
  • loss of tax revenue
  • loss of population to sustain services
  • loss of culture
  • families divided
  • young migrants leaving, high dependency ratio

OLIGARCHS: business owners who acquired commodity
LONDONGRAD: wealthy parts of London where Russian business owners bought property for kids
- benefit from UK institutions, loans by Russian businesses over £250bil, banks charge 3%
- Russian investments in London= £27bn, but only accounts for 0.5% of total international assets
- Mafia
- increased local taxing to help fund for services
- decreases hate crime

20
Q

WHAT ATTRACTS PEOPLE TO LONDON?

A
  • stock exchanges and HQs and TNCs- attracts stockbrokers
  • migrant enclaves
  • wide range of employment opportunities
  • many languages spoken
  • universities and high quality education
  • NHS, benefits, education

GLOBALISATION CASE STUDIES (1 decks)

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