Case studies Flashcards
1
Q
What is helicobacter pylori?
A
It is a bacteria that can lead to ulcers and gastritis. It can be seen using the Giemsa stain.
2
Q
What are the complications of H.Pylori?
A
- haemorrhage
- perforation
- obstruction
- cancer
Almost all GI diseases have these complications
3
Q
What effects does H. pylori have on the stomach?
A
- inflammation
- cell damage: atrophy, metaplasia (goblet cells), dysplasia
- neoplasia: lymphoma, adenocarcinoma
mucus becomes thin
4
Q
What are the causes of gastritis (inflammation)?
A
- drugs
- infectious agents
- immunological agents: autoimmune
5
Q
What is H. pylori classification as a carcinogen?
A
Helicobacter pylori is the only bacterium that has a grade 1 classification as a carcinogen.
6
Q
There are three types of plaques, what are they?
A
- quiescent plaque: limited inflammation, asymptomatic
- stable: limited inflammation, symptoms of ischaemia (can lead to lower limb ischaemia and angina)
- vulnerable: intense inflammation, prone to rupture, thrombosis and acute ischaemia
7
Q
Which cancers are caused by H.pylori?
A
The bacteria has a profound effect on the epithelia and the lymphocytes of the stomach - hence can lead to adenocarcinoma and lymphomas.
