Case Studies Flashcards
Brendgen:
Describe the procedure of Brendgen
- instructions given in both English and French
- Teachers were told to rate children’s level of social and physical aggression: did this using Qs e.g. ‘does this child…’
‘Try to make others dislike a child?’
‘Become friends with another child for revenge?’
Rated on a 3 point score- never, sometimes, often- on the consistency of social aggression e.g name calling, exclusion, gossiping etc.
The same was done for physical aggression e.g. ‘gets into fights?’ ‘Hits/bites/kicks others?’
Students:
Were shown photographs of other students in the classroom.
Asked similar questions
Pick and circle the 3 most likely kids to do these things e.g. bite, kick, hit etc.
And pick and circle 3 most likely kids to do these things e.g. rumours, nasty comments etc.
What were the percentage results for the twin nominations in Brendgen’s study?
Most twins (82%) received at least one nomination as being among the three most socially aggressive children in the classroom on at least one of the items. Similarly, most twins (62%) received at least one nomination as being among the three most physically aggressive
PET scans:
- way of measuring brain activity
- radioactive glucose injected
- tracer emits gamma rays detected by scanner
- brain needs glucose for functioning
- particular parts of brain in use light up as using glucose
+ethical: relatively non invasive in comparison to surgery
+reliable: replicable
- radioactive tracer is invasive
- more expensive than CAT
CAT scans:
- involve focused X-ray beam into brain
- done at many angles (X-ray is 2D) then put into one picture
- allows us to see the structure of the brain e.g. brain tumours
+scientific, replicable, reliable
+helps surgeons see damage before surgery
- potential dangers from radiation e.g pregnant women + kids
- not as good as MRI when looking for infection
fMRI scans:
- uses magnetic and radio waves
- person lies in large cylinder (claustrophobic) and be perfectly still
- waves sent through body
- as neutral activity increases in brain, blood flow increases in active areas and requires more oxygen
- oxygen is carried to areas via haemoglobin in red blood cells
+ valid: what is found is real
+scientific/replicable:reliable
- not ethical as can be uncomfortable
- certain people cannot use them e.g, pacemakers
Bandura’s (1961) sample:
- 72 participants< 36 male and 36 female
- Age: 37 months-69 months (average 52m)
- 3 adults involved: one male model, one female model, female experimenter
- All from the same nursery
- matched pairs by teacher on aggression
What was Bandura’s aim?
To see whether things that can be learned in one context can be repeated in different ones using Social Learning Theory
