Case Studies Flashcards
What were the primary affects in the flood in Carlisle
The primary affects include 3 deaths and 3000 people made homeless. As well as 350 businesses shut down. Roads and bridges were damaged.While rivers were polluted with rubbish and sewage.
What were the secondary effects in Carlisle
The secondary effects include children loosing out on education as most schools were damaged one school was closed for mouths. The number of people with stress related illnesses increased in the area. In addition 3000 jobs were at risk in businesses affected by floods
Flood management in Carlisle
The environment agency monitors the river levels and issues flood warnings to the public , local authorities and the media.
The council distributes sand bags when the warning has been issued.
There are man made levees along the river to prevent flooding.
What were the immediate responses in Carlisle
People were evacuated from the flooded area.
Reception centres were open around Carlisle to provide food and drinks for evacuees.
Temporary accommodation was set up for the people made homeless .
What were the long term responsesin Carlisle
Community groups set up to provide emotional support and practical help for people effected.
Eden and Petteril flood alleviation scheme was completed in 2008 this involves things like building flood defence walls and levees on the river to prevent flooding
What were the causes of the flood in Carlisle England
Carlisle is located in the North west of England in Cumbria. On the 8th of January 2005 a flood ocured due to the river Eden’s discharge reached 1520 cumecs its average is 52 cumecs The discharge was increased by 200mm of heavy rainfall falling over 36 hours this led to the soil becoming saturate and increasing run off which then increased discharge. Another factor that contributed to the flood taking place was Carlisle being an urbanised area, the area is mostly made of impermeable rock such as concrete this also increased run off as water could not be absorbed into rocks and soil and there for increasing discharge.
Where is river clyde
The river clyde is located in the north of the UK in Scotland.
How long is the river Clyde
160 km long
Where is the source of the river Clyde located.
Southern upland region of Scotland
What regions of Scotland does the river clyde flow through.
It flows north-west through Motherwell and Glasgow.
Where is the mouth of the river Clyde located
The mouth of the river clyde is an estuary on the west coast of Scotland.
Describe details about the estuary of the river Clyde.
The river’s estuary is about 34 km west of Glasgow and its about 3 km wide. The river joins the firth clyde which eventually becomes the Irish sea
Where are the river Clyde’s meanders located
Between Motherwell and Glasgow
Where are river Clyde’s interlocking spurs located and how high are they.
Crawford they are between 300m and 500 m high
What do the tributaries in lowther hills come together to form
The river clyde
What are the two tributaries called that join together to form the river Clyde
Daer water and portail water
Where is the river clydes oxbow lake forming
Uddingston
Describe the falls of river clyde
There are four waterfalls near Lanark the highest fall is corra linn which is about 27m high. There is also a gorge in this area formed by the waterfalls retreating.
When was the flood in south Asia, Bangladesh and India and in what rivers
July and august 2007 in the river Ganges and Brahmaputra
What were the cause of the floods in south Asia
there was heavy rainfall in one region 900mm of rain fell in July. The continuous rainfall saturated the soil increasing run off into rivers. melting snow from glaciers in the Himalayan mountains increased the discharge of the Brahmaputra river.The peak discharge of both rivers happened at the same time which increased discharge downstream.
What were the primary effects of the flood in south asia
- 2000 deaths
- 25 million made homeless
- Many factories closed and livestock were killed
- 112 000 houses destroyed in India
- rivers were polluted with rubbish and sewage
What were the secondary effects in the flood in south asia
- children lost out on education as 4000 schools were effected by the flood
- 100 000 people caught water borne diseases like dysentery and diarrhoea
- flooded fields reduced basmati rice yields, prices rose by 10%
- many farmers and factory workers became unemployed
Flood management in south asia
- Bangladesh has floods forecasting and warning system with 85 flood monitoring stations.
- warnings can be issued 72 hours before a flood occurs but the warnings don’t reach rural communities
- 6000 km of man made levees to prevent flooding in Bangladesh but the’re easily eroded and aren’t properly maintained so they are often breach by flood waters
Immediate response in south asia flood
- Many people didn’t evacuate from the area that flooded and blocked transport links slowed down an evacuations that were attempted.
- other governments and international charities distributed food, water,medical aid.
- Technical equipment like rescue boats were send to help people who were stranded
Long term response in south Asia flood
International charities have funded the buildings of homes and the agriculture and fishing industries.
•some homes have been rebuilt on stilts so they’re less likely to be damaged by future floods
When was rutland water built and were is it located
It was built in the 1970s in the east midlands of England
How much area does the river cover . And its filled with water from which rivers in rutland water
It covers an area of 12 km squared
It is filled with water from the river Welland and the river Nene
Why was rutland water designed
It was designed to supply the east midlands with more water enough to cope with its rapid population growth in places like peterborough
What are the uses of rutland water
To supply the east midlands with more water
• nature reserve
• recreation
Economic impacts of rutland water
Boosts local economy as it is a popular tourist attraction because of its wild life and recreation facilities
• around 6km squared of land was flooded to create the reservoir this included farm land so some farmers lost their livelihoods
Social impacts of rutland water
Lots of recreational activities take place on and around the reservoir such as sailing windsurfing and cycling
• many jobs have been created to build and maintain the reservoir and run the nature reserve and recreational activities.
• schools use the reservoir for educational visits
•two villages were demolished to make way for the reservoir
Rutland water environmental impacts
The area is a site of special scientific interest were wild life is protected.
•hundred of spices of birds live around the reservoir and tens of thousands of water fowl come to rutland in winter
•a variety of habitats are found near the reservoir this means lots of different organisms live in or around the reservoir
• ospreys have been reintroduced to central england by the rutland osprey project at the reservoir
• a large area of land was flooded to create the reservoir which destroyed some habitats
Rutland water being managed sustainably
Water supply has to be used in a sustainable way without stopping people in the future from having enough water.
•to use the reservoir in a sustainable way people can only take out as much water as is replaced by the rivers that supply it. That way the supply will stay the same in the future
How were the Alps formed and where
The alps are located in central Europe they were formed 30 million years ago by collision between the African and European plates.
Where is the tallest peek of the alps located and how high is it
The tallest peek is located in mount blanc on the Italian french border
It is 4810 meters high
What is the alps population
12 million
What are the uses of the alsp
Farming Tourism Mining Forestry HEP
How are the Alps used for farming
The steep upland area are used to farm goats which provide milk cheese and meat.
Some sunnier slopes have been terraced to plant vineyards
