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Geography Paper 1 > Case studies > Flashcards

Case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Haiti Earthquake?

A

2010

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2
Q

What 2 plate margins are involved in the Haiti Earthquake?

A

North American plate and Caribbean plate.

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3
Q

What magnitude was the Haiti earthquake?

A

7

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4
Q

What are the primary effects of Haiti earthquake?

A

250 K deaths and 1 million homeless.
250 K homes and 30k buildings destroyed.
50+ hospitals and 1.3k schools badly damaged.

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5
Q

What are the secondary effects of haiti earthquake?

A

1 in 5 people lost their jobs.
Cholera became a serious problem.
Difficult getting aid.

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6
Q

What are the immediate responses of Haiti earthquake?

A

$100 million in aid given by USA and $330 million given by European Union.
810K people placed in aid camps.
115k tents provided.
Healthcare supplies provided to limit disease.

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7
Q

What are the Long-term responses of Haiti earthquake?

A

Cash/food-for-work projects,
Temporary schools created.
Water and sanitation supplied.

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8
Q

When was the Japan earthquake?

A

2011

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9
Q

What is Haiti’s GDP?

A

$756

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10
Q

What Is Japan’s GDP?

A

39,289

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11
Q

What 2 tectonic plates were involved in the Japan earthquake?

A

pacific plate and North American plate

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12
Q

What number was the Japan earthquake on the Richter scale?

A

9

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13
Q

What are the Primary effects of the Japan earthquake?

A

16k deaths, 6k injured and 3k still missing.
300k buildings destroyed.
Total damages are estimated at $300 billion dollars.

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14
Q

What are the secondary effects of the Japan earthquake?

A

4.4 million people left without electricity.
Radioactive materials escaped which will have long lasting impact on health of local people.
Resulted in a tsunami, height of 40.5 metres.

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15
Q

What are the immediate responses of Japan earthquake?

A

Tsunami warning issued 3 minutes after the earthquake.
91 countries have offered aid.
modern innovations such as twitter were bringing updates much quicker than media.

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16
Q

What are the Long-term responses of Japan earthquake?

A

Earthquake engineers are looking for ways to construct buildings to make them more resistant to earthquakes and tsunamis.
Stopping highly toxic radioactive water from sinking into the clean groundwater.

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17
Q

When was the Tropical storm typhoon Haiyan Philippines?

A

2013

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18
Q

What are the primary effects of typhoon Haiyan?

A

6.3k deaths
90% tacloban destroyed
Overall cost of damage $12 billion

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19
Q

What are the secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan?

A

Fishing waters were contaminated due to oil tanker ran aground.
8 people died in a stampede for food and supplies.

20
Q

What are the immediate responses for typhoon Haiyan?

A

Over 1.2k evacuation centres set up.
800k evacuated.
1 million food packs and 250k litres of water distributed.

21
Q

What are the Long-term responses for typhoon Haiyan?

A

‘cash for work’ programmes.
No-build zone.
Mangroves have been replanted to absorb future storm surges.

22
Q

When was the UK Extreme weather beast from the east?

A

2018

23
Q

What are the social impacts of the Beast from the east?

A

Man died after being pulled from a frozen lake, whilst there were 3 other reported deaths.
Hospital operations were cancelled.

24
Q

What are the economic impacts of the beast from the east?

A

British airways cancelled hundreds of short haul flights.
Major shopping centres and businesses closed early.

25
Q

What are the environmental impacts of the beast from the east?

A

Rural areas experienced temperature lows of -12 degrees celsius.
Gusts of 60-70 mph.
Up to 50cm of snow.

26
Q

What were the management strategies for beast from the east?

A

Met office issued ‘red warnings’.
Rail passengers were warned to avoid travelling to or from Scotland.
Health staff transported.

27
Q

Where is the Uk Dorset coastline located?

A

South coast of England and sea part of atalantic ocean.

28
Q

Where is the Holderness Coast located?

A

The east coast of England.

29
Q

What is Geology? (A reason why coast is eroding so quickly)

A

The cliffs are made from less-resistant boulder clay which slumps when wet.

30
Q

Describe Naturally narrow beaches?

A

Give less protection to the coast as it doesn’t reduce the power of the waves. This is because most material is moved by longshore drift.

31
Q

Why have groynes been installed to the holderness coast?

A

To stop long-shore drift.

32
Q

What are the management strategies for holderness coast?

A

Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall.
Hornsea is protected by a sea wall, groynes and rock armour.
Mappleton is protected by 2 rock groynes.
Spurn head is protected with groynes and rock armour.

33
Q

Where is the river tees located?

A

North of England.

34
Q

What is at the Upper course of the river?

A

Hard impermeable rocks. V shaped valley formed.

35
Q

What happens at the Middle course of the river?

A

As the river tees starts to erode sideways, it forms meanders.

36
Q

What happens in the lower course of the river?

A

Meanders are much larger, and oxbow lakes have formed.
Has a very large estuary with mudflats and sandbanks which supports wildlife in the area.

37
Q

What are the general benefits of Toursim?

A

Valuable source of foreign exchange.
Improvements infrastructure
Improvements in education and healthcare
develops employment opportunities and raises incomes

38
Q

Where is Kenya located?

A

East Africa

39
Q

Why do tourists visit Kenya?

A

Tribal culture
Safari wildlife
Warm climate
Unspoilt landscape

40
Q

Why is Kenya’s government encouraging tourism?

A

Visa fees reduced by 50% in 2009
Visa fees scrapped under 16’s
Landing fees reduced for charter flights

41
Q

Tourism benefits

A

12% Kenya’s GDP
Money spent education/healthcare
600k employed
24 national parks

42
Q

Tourism issues

A

Only small %£ goes to local people
Tourist vehicle damage environment

43
Q

What is Lagos population?

A

20 million people

44
Q

What are the Advantages of TNCs (shell, Nigeria)?

A

Shell provides employment, training and skills
Introduced modern technology
Invested in local infrastructure
Local companies benefit from selling supplies to shell
Has international links which help industry to thrive
Government benefits from export taxes, providing money that can be spent on improving education and health care.

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of TNCs (shell, Nigeria)?

A

Shell exploits the low wages and avoid paying local taxes
Working conditions can be poor, with fewer rules and regulations than in HICs
Contributes to environmental damage
Higher paid roles are held by foreign workers
Most of the money returns to Europe.

46
Q

What are the benefits of Aid to Nigeria?

A

Many individuals and community projects benefitted
Mosquito nets ‘nets for life’

47
Q

What are the issues of Aid to Nigeria?

A

Corruption with the government means that not all aid benefits the people that need it.

Geography Paper 1 (5 decks)

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