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IGCSE geography exam > Case studies > Flashcards

Case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

A country with a young population

A

Gambia

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2
Q

how many per cent are over 65 years in Gambia?

A

2.5%

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3
Q

Some problems faced by Gambia

A

lack of knowledge about contracpetion
resources runs out
famalies are dependent on children for help
healthcare and education system are overloaded

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4
Q

push factors of migration from Mexico to USA

A

poor medical facilities
poor education prospects with literacy rate of 55%
40 % unemployment/low paid jobs

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5
Q

effects on USA

A

Mexico is seen as a drain
lower wages becaus e of low wages on migrant workers
cultural and racial issues

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6
Q

effects on Mexico

A

shortage of economically active people
more old people left behind
both illegal and legal send $6 billion a year back

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7
Q

A country with a high dependent population

A

Uganda

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8
Q

population of Uganda and the percentage that in under 30

A

42.86 million
78% under 30

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9
Q

Cause of high dependent population in Uganda

A

Parents have children to use as economic producers
high infant mortality rate

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10
Q

Effect of high dependent population in Uganda

A

Huge amount of money spend on healthcare
High GDP as more in workforce
More money on education

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11
Q

Japan’s population density

A

336 people per km^2 in 2015

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12
Q

Causes of densely populated country Japan

A

few people living on mountainous slopes in the centre on Honshu Island because of lack of flat land, acidic soils and extreme climate

Densely populated area are areas of flat valleys and gentle slopes. These provides good service provision such as universities and technologically advanced hospitals and facilities.

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13
Q

effects of densely populated Japan

A

lack of jobs in areas due to dense population
some peopel are forced to omove out

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14
Q

A sparsely populated country or area

A

Canada

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15
Q

Population of Canada

A

population of 37 million and population density of 2.7 per km^2 in 2011

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16
Q

Causes of the sparsely populated area of Canada

A

many mountainous areas meaning land is too cold for work or agriculture
snow, ice makes transport difficult especially in inner canada
Population in Canda is clustered in souther and eastern areas becase other areas are cold

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17
Q

Settlement and service provision in an area

A

Braunschweig, Germany

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18
Q

Population of Braunschweig

A

has a population if 250,000 inhabitants and population density of 10.5 person per km^2

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19
Q

The service provision of Braunschweig

A

more than 20 schools, 5 hospitals, dense network of public transport. The threshold population supports higher order servies

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20
Q

Effects of settlement in Braunschweig

A

the provision increases more migrant to Braunschweig as there is easier transport and good universitiies/education for kids resulting in higher population density

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21
Q

An urban area

A

London

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22
Q

Causes of urbanization in London

A

population growth from rural-to-urban migration

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23
Q

Effects of urbanization in london

A

respiratory problems, traffic jams, road rage phenomena. pollution from vehicle exhaust more investment in roads which cost millions

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24
Q

Solution for the problems of urbanization in London

A

charges for driver driving into central london to slow down numbers of cars traveling

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25
Q

A rapidly growing urban area in a developing country country and migration to it

A

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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26
Q

Population of Brazil

A

6.9 in 1960 but 13.4 in 2019

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27
Q

Push factors from rural areas (Rio De Janerio)

A

High infant mortality due to lack of clean water, electricity, sewerage and medical care
Worse housing in rural, lack of shops and schools

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28
Q

Pull factors to Rio De Janeiro

A

Better job prospect, higher wages in the city, more schools, doctors and services.
Some migrants encourage people to join large coorperations

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29
Q

Effects of urbanization in Rio de Janeiro

A

housing pressure, more demand for services, and sewage wage disposal, crim eand murder increasing

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30
Q

Management for urbanization in Rio de Janeiro

A

goverment asistant in improving homes
goverment moved peole out of shanty towns into basic housign estate

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31
Q

Coast

A

Lyme Regis, English

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32
Q

What attracts Lyme Regis

A

fossil fuels attracts tourists all year round

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33
Q

Hazards of Lyme Regis

A

unstable cliffs causes many landslides
coastal erosion with longshore drfit with little protection on the beach

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34
Q

Management of these The Lyme Regis hazards

A

Installation of recurved sea walls that protects from easterly winds and help stop storm erode the coastline further

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35
Q

Amazon rainforest ‘s characterisitics

A

cover an area of 5.5 million km^2
largest tropical rainforest
covers 40% of SA continent
1,000 birds species and 60,000 species of plant

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36
Q

Deforestation in Amzaon rainforest

A

multiple reports in 1980 of deforestation in thr rainforest caught people’s attention’deforestation stil occurs
over the last 30-40 years Amazon lost 20% of its area

37
Q

Effects of deforestation

A

Deforestation cause soil and enviroment to became dry causing animals to become extinct

38
Q

Advantages of deforestation

A

improved transport, infastructure, hospitals, improved education, large-scale fariming brings money

39
Q

Disadvantages of deforestation

A

loss of biotic and abiotic system
Land clearance leads to deforestation
Fertile soil easily washed away when forest is cleared

40
Q

Hot desert

A

Thar desert in India

41
Q

Thar desert

A

major hot desert with high population density
many substitence farmers live there
tourists come to see 120 species
irrigation made farming practiceable
energy is produced through solar panels
have valuable reserves of mining making an opportunity for mining

42
Q

Vegetaion of the thar desert

A

sprase natural vegetation herbaceous and stunted trees
the trees are drought resistant trees
plants that include deep roots, hard and fleshy stems, well-developed spines or a covering of hairs, and leaves either absent or coated with wax or hair to prevent excessive evaporation

43
Q

Problems of the desert

A

covers a huge area but inaccessible due to extreme enviromental conditions and poor infastructure
limited water supply
extreme temp reaching up to 50 degree in summer

44
Q

TNC

A

Walmart

45
Q

who founded Walmart and what are the label of walmart

A

Sam Walton
largest company by revenue
$500 billion revenue and $20 billion profit

46
Q

Employment of Walmart

A

employed 2 million people in 11,000 different outlets in 28 different countries
have about 130 million weekly shoppers

47
Q

Global action of Walmart

A

started in arkansas and first abroad in mexico and expanded in 90s, over 500 asda stores in UK

48
Q

Production of Walmart

A

import resources from africa companeis for cheaper production, cheap labour in Bangladesh

49
Q

Positive effects of TNC

A

new jobs created and invest in sustainable development
donation to improve health in country based

50
Q

Negative effescts on TNC

A

smaller shops closed due to competition
unequal wages
takes up lots of land

51
Q

A farm or agricultural system

A

Dambulla

52
Q

Inputs of Dambulla

A

land of 2 hectares
oxen manure for fertilisers
no machinery or child labour
rich clay and loam soils
rainfall about 1,000 mm
about 25 degree of temp

53
Q

Processes of Dambulla

A

ploughing of oxen
picking and planting

54
Q

Outputs of Dambulla

A

cabbage, chillies, bananas, sweet potatoes

55
Q

A country or region suffering from a food shortage

A

South Sudan

56
Q

Imformation nabout South Sudan

A

landlock country in Africa
a population of 12.6 million and 22 people per km ^2

57
Q

Effects of the food shortage

A

40% of the population is short of food
70,000 die from hunger and diseases
decline of rainfall increased use of land leading to degradation

58
Q

Cause of the food shortage

A

Drought is the main reasonbecause it lies 15 degree north at the equator
pests and weather fails crop
diseased water and inflation of food prices due to drought and poor ground
high population growth leads to overgrazing and land erosion
import from uganda is expensive
high military spendign of $1 billion
limited access to food because of 50 year civil war

59
Q

Solution to help food shortage

A

UN food programmes and Red cross emergency delivering and air dropping food

60
Q

An Industrial Zone

A

Cambridge Science Park in London

61
Q

Cambridge Science Park in London

A

largest commercial park fro reasearch and developement

62
Q

Factors that influence the location of CSP

A

good road links to London
direct train link towards london
useful for Cambridge University

63
Q

Benefit of growth of the Park

A

employing more workers
higher GDP since ppl are havign higher salaries

64
Q

problems caused by CSP

A

increased congestion in the city
local residents have high competition getting employed meanign many local will be unemployed

65
Q

An area where tourism is important

A

Jamaica

66
Q

About Jamaica

A

population of 2.89 million and 266.9 peoople per km^2
famous tourist destination because of climate with 10 hours of sunlight a day

67
Q

What make Jamaica attractive

A

high accessibility with plenty of airport arlines flight all over
diving
Negril Bay which is 7 mile long beach
large biodiversity and cockpit caves
Blue Mountains

68
Q

Impacts of the tourism

A

24% relies on incoem mof total gdp
created new jobs, estimated employemnt of 90,000
funding of social projects for developing roads and telecommunications

69
Q

Negatives of the tourism

A

inappropriate behaviior of tourists and heavu uses of resources
loss of heritage and tradition

70
Q

Energy supply in a country or area

A

Germany

71
Q

Energy supply in Germany

A

82.8 million population
largest consumer of elctricity in Europe
3 major power stations
RIver Elbes
RIver coast Ems
RIver Necktar
main sources are coal, nuclear and gas - nonrenewble
16% renewable
produces energy through coal-fired power station

72
Q

Advantages/disadvantages of coal-fired station

A

a - efficient to movee oil and gas via pipelines
d - loads of air pollution

73
Q

Advantages/disadvantages of nuclear power station

A

a - onlysmall amount of unranuim is neede to produce
d - radioactive waste is hard to dispose of

74
Q

Water supplu in a country or area

A

Lesotho

75
Q

Info about Lesotho

A

landlocked country encricle by South Africa
land area of 30,355 km ^2 with a population of 2.2 million and population density of 68 people per km^2

76
Q

Water supply in Lesotho

A

Main sources come from ground and surface water
used for municipal,industrial, and agricultural use

77
Q

Water amount of bothground and surface water

A

surface - 5m^3
ground - 1m^3
per year of internal renewable water sources

78
Q

The Lesotho highlands water project

A

water supply project with hydropower component
stored water form highlands of lesothoand piped into south africa as only 83% of the population have clean water
phase one done phase two continuing

79
Q

An industrial zone or factory

A

International Industrial Business Zone

80
Q

location and facts of IIBZ

A

located in India
flat land, tropical savannah climate
16 and 36 temp

81
Q

factors that influence the location of IIBZ

A

close to airport
1 km away from train station
500 nearby ICT companies
flat land and recieves foreign investment in high ICT
cheap labour

82
Q

Benefits of the IIBZ

A

increased employement rate
new sky scrapers leads to increased demand for apartments

83
Q

Negatives of IIBZ

A

population increase from countryside follow bby traffic congestions, about 5 million vehicle blocking roads
Large garbage problem only a thid is recycled
unavailability of clean water

84
Q

An area where economic developement is taking place and is at risk

A

Lesotho Highlands

85
Q

Water activity in Lesotho Highlands

A

Water activity is in the East where rainfall falls over 1,000 mm. The economy activity is growing 5% anually. The Katse Dam is built 710 m wide

86
Q

employment in the Lesotho Highland

A

75% are subsistence farmers
15% are unemployed

87
Q

Risk of the enviroment of the water activity

A

houses of 7 different villages near the dam were damanged by earthquakes
Ruined 100 km of tarred road
shows sign of cracks

88
Q

Solutions to The water activity

A

Botanical garden to reserve 150 species and promote enjoyment and knowledge of the alphine flat
fish numbers are monitored

IGCSE geography exam (1 decks)

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