Case Law Only Flashcards

Learn all the case law

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Murray Wright Ltd

A

Because the killing must be done by human being, an organisation (such as a hospital or food company) cannot be convicted as a principal offender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

R v Myatt

A

Before a breach of any act, regulation or bylaw would be an unlawful act under section 160 for the purposes of culpable homicide, it must be an act likely to do harm to the deceased or to some class of persons of whom he was one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

R v Tomars

A

Formulates the issues in the following way :

  1. Was the deceased threatened by, in fear of or deceived by the defendant?
  2. If they were, did such threats, fear or deception cause the deceased to do the act that caused their death?
  3. Was the act a natural consequence of the actions of the defendant, in the sense that reasonable and responsible people in the defendant’s position at the time could reasonably have foreseen the consequences?
  4. Did these foreseeable actions of the victim contribute in a significant way to his death?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

R v Horry

A

Death should be provable by such circumstances as render it morally certain and leave no ground for Reasonable Doubt - that the circumstantial evidence should be so cogent and compelling as to convince a jury that upon no rational hypothesis other than murder can the facts be accounted for.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

R v Harney

A

Recklessness means the conscious and deliberate taking of an unjustified risk. In New Zealand it involves proof that the consequences complained of could well happen, together with an intention to continue the course of conduct regardless of risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

R v Piri

A

Recklessness involves a conscious, deliberate risk taking. The degree of risk of death foreseen by the accused under either s167(b) or(d) must be more than negligible or remote. The accused must recognise a real or substantial risk that death would be caused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

R v Desmond

A

Not only must the object be unlawful, but also the accused must know that his act is likely to cause death. It must be shown that his knowledge accompanied the act causing death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

R v Murphy

A

When proving an attempt to commit an offence it must be shown that the accused’s intention was to commit the substantive offence. For example, in a case of attempted murder it is necessary for the Crown to establish an actual intent to kill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

R v Harpur

A

The court may have regard to the conduct viewed cumulatively up to the point when the conduct in question stops…. The defendant’s conduct may be considered in its entirety. Considering how much remains to be done is always relevant, though not determinative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

R v Mane

A

For a person to be an accessory the offence must be completed at the time of criminal involvement. One cannot be convicted of being an accessory after the fact of murder when the actus reas of the alleged criminal conduct was wholly completed before the offence of homicide was completed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

R v Blaue

A

Those who use violence must take their victims as they find them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

R v Forrest and Forrest

A

The best evidence possible in the circumstances should be adduced by the prosecution in proof of the victims age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

R v Cottle

A

As to degree of Proof, it is sufficient if the plea is established to the satisfaction of the jury on a preponderance of probabilities without necessarily excluding all reasonable doubt.

This relates to the plea of insanity. Ie the defendant is not required to prove the defence of insanity beyond Reasonable Doubt, but to the satisfaction of the jury on the balance of probabilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

R v Clarke

A

The decision as to the accused’s insanity is always for the jury and a verdict inconsistent with medical evidence is not necessarily unreasonable.
But where unchallenged medical evidence is supported by the surrounding facts a jury’s verdict must be founded on that evidence which in this case shows that the accused did not and had been unable to know that his act was morally wrong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

R v Codere

A

The nature and quality of the act means the physical character of the Act.
The phrase does not involve any consideration of the accused’s moral perception nor his knowledge of the moral quality of the act.

Thus a person who is so deluded that he cuts a woman’s throat believing that he is cutting a loaf of bread would not know the nature and quality of his act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

R v Cottle (Automatism)

A

Doing something without knowledge of it and without memory afterwards of having done it - a temporary eclipse of consciousness that nevertheless leaves the person so affected able to exercise bodily movements.

17
Q

R v Joyce

A

The court of appeal decided that the compulsion must be made by a person who is present when the offence is committed.

18
Q

Police v Lavelle

A

It is permissible for undercover officers to merely provide the opportunity for someone who is ready and willing to offend, as long as the officers did not initiate the person’s interest or willingness to so offend.