Case Law

Question 0

U.S. vs Waltzer

Answer 0

A reliable canine alert is sufficient probable cause for a warrant.
Checked personal luggage may be moved to facilitate a canine sniff.

Question 1

U.S. vs Place

Answer 1

Canine “sniff” is not a search under the 4th amendment.

When answering a call for a canine sniff the handler needs to respond in a timely manner.

Question 2

U.S. vs Thomas

Answer 2

Depending on the jurisdiction a canine sniff of a dwelling absent a warrant or consent may be a 4th amendment violation.

Question 3

Horton vs Goose Creek ISD

Answer 3

The canine sniff of a person is a search implicating the 4th amendment.

Question 4

U.S. vs Garcia-Garcia

Answer 4

A suspicion less canine sniff of vehicles at an immigration check point is legal so long as there is an ongoing immigration inspection.
An unintentional sniff and subsequent alert to a person is not a search.