case 8 anatomy Flashcards
posterior abdominal wall
formed by the lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs, the diaphragm, the psoas, iliacus and quadratus lumborum muscles and the thoracolumbar fascia
lumbar vertebra
huge kidney shaped body. Triangular foramen. short blunt spinous process. Large blunt transverse process. superior articular facets face medially, inferior face laterally. Thickest intervertebral discs.
movements of the vertebral column-flexion
Bending of the vertebral column in an anterior direction
extension of the VC
Bending of the vertebral column in a posterior direction
lateral flexion of the VC
Bending of the vertebral column to one side
lateral extension of VC
Returning of the vertebral column to an upright position following lateral flexion
rotation of the VC
Twisting of the vertebral column
circumduction
A combination of all movements
which movement is least extensive in the lumbar region
rotation
right crus of diaphragm
Arises from the first three or four lumbar vertebrae-higher due to liver
left crus of diaphragm
Arises from the first two or three lumbar vertebrae
median arcuate ligament
Fibrous structure that unites the right and left crura
medial arcuate ligament
Thickening of the fascia that covers the psoas major muscle, extends from the body to the tip of the transverse process of L1.
lateral arcuate ligament
Thickening of the fascia that covers the quadratus lumborum muscle, extends from the transverse process of T12 to the 12th rib.
aortic hiatus
opens at T12
the right and left crura and the median arcuate ligament form the aortic hiatus.
At which vertebral level is the caval opening located?
T8
which level does the oesophagus open
T10
what passes through the caval opening
IVC, right phrenic nerve
What passes through the Oesophageal hiatus
oesophagus, lymphatics from oesophagus, oesophageal branches of the left gastric artery, right and left vagi
what passes through the aortic hiatus
aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein
muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
psoas major, iliacus and quadratus lumborum. The psoas major muscle arises from the bodies and transverse processes of T12-L5 vertebra and the intervening discs. The psoas major and iliacus combine to form the iliopsoas muscle which is the main flexor of the hip joint. The quadratus lumborum fixes the twelfth rib during inspiration-originates iliac crest and ilio lumbar ligament, inserts ino last rib and transverse processes of LV. T12 to L4. Iliacus originates from the iliac fossa. they insert into the lesser trochanter. femoral nerve. (l2 l4)
internal aspect of the abominal wall
covered with fascia which lies between the parietal peritoneum and the muscle. The psoas and iliacus are covered by the endoabdominal fascia which is continuous superiorly with the diaphragmatic fascia and laterally with the transversalis fascia. The quadratus lumborum is covered by thoracolumbar fascia. The fascia is named according to the muscle that it covers.
Which ligament is formed by a thickening of the superior part of the quadratus lumborum fascia?
lateral arcuate ligament. inferiorly the ilio lumbar ligament
vessels of the post abdominal wall
The main vessels of the posterior abdominal wall lie anterior to the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta begins at the aortic hiatus at the level of T12 and ends by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries-L4
The surface markings of the bifurcation lie 2cm below and to the left of the umbilicus.
Posterior relations of the abdominal aoa
The abdominal aorta lies in front the bodies of theT12 -L4, the lumbar veins cross behind the aorta on route to the vena cava
lateral relations of the aorta
right-azygous vein, right crus of diaphragm, IVC, Cysterna chyli, thoracic duct, right coeliac ganglion
left-left crus of diaphragm, left sympathetic chain, left coeliac ganglion
anterior relations of the abdominal aorta in oder that they cross the aorta
coeliac plexus and ganglion
body of pancreas and splenic vein
left renal vein
horizontal part of duodenum