Case 5 Quiz

Question 1

Define the two components that contribute to BPH pathophysiology.

Answer 1

a. Static - growth of the prostate due to androgenic stimulation
b. Dynamic - autonomic input to smooth muscles in the lower urinary tract, increasing smooth muscle tone

Question 2

UTIs in males are always considered _____.

Answer 2

Complicated

Question 3

Ebola is transmitted via _____, and patients who recover develop antibodies that last for _____.

Answer 3

Direct contact with blood/body fluids

10 years

Question 4

What are the symptoms more specific to Graves’ disease hyperthyroidism?

Answer 4

a. Exophthalmos

b. Goiter

Question 5

What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus type 2?

Answer 5

a. A1c: >6.5%
b. Oral glucose tolerance test: >200 mg/dL
c. Fasting plasma glucose: >126 mg/dL

Question 6

What organism is the main cause of Traveler’s Diarrhea?

Answer 6

ETEC

Question 7

Name 3 dangers of drinking too many energy drinks (select 3).

Answer 7

a. cardiac arrest
b. headaches
c. insomnia
d. vomiting
e. anxiety
f. increase in blood pressure
g. GI disturbances - ulcers

IVU

Question 8

Name 3 signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (select 3).

Answer 8

a. anxiety
b. weight loss
c. palpitations
d. tremor
e. irritability
f. increased bowel movement

WID

Question 9

__________, __________, and __________ are signs and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Answer 9

a. polydipsia
b. polyuria
c. polyphagia

Question 10

What does ASCVD stand for?

Answer 10

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Question 11

Name some signs and symptoms of Thyroid Storm

Answer 11

a. fever
b. Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
c. heat intolerance
d. high anxiety; even psychosis
e. tachycardia

F (NVD) H

Question 12

How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?

Answer 12

a. elevated T4 and T3

b. TSH is also taken to determine the type of hyperthyroidism

Question 13

What drugs are commonly used to treat Thyroid Storm?

Answer 13

a. Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor: Propylthiouracil (methimazole is 2nd line in this case)
b. Iodide
c. Corticosteroid: dexamethasone IV or hydrocortisone IV
d. Beta-blocker: propanolol, esmolol, or metoprolol

Question 14

What are common side effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil?

Answer 14

a. Rash
b. Hepatotoxicity (more severe with PTU)
c. Arthralgias
d. Agranulocytosis

Question 15

What are some causes of Thyroid storm?

Answer 15

a. Thyroid surgery (5-10% incidence, fyi)
b. Radioactive iodine
c. Cessation of antithyroid therapy (methimazole or propylthiouracil
d. Untreated Grave’s disease
e. Consequence of thyroid infection (can be viral, bacterial, fungal, parasite, etc.)

Question 16

Which medications are indicated as an off-label treatment for Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid Storm)?

Answer 16

a. Propylthiouracil and Esmolol

Question 17

__________ virus is similar to Ebola virus; they are both in the family __________.

Answer 17

a. Marburg; Filoviridae

Question 18

According to the current guidelines, patients with concurrent diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia, who are also between the ages of 40-75 and have an LDL of 70-189 mg/dL should be initiated on what therapy?

Answer 18

a. Primary Prevention in Diabetes age 40-75 years with LDL 70-189 mg/dL
i. Use at least moderate intensity statin therapy
ii. If DM and 10-year risk of ASCVD ≥7.5% consider high intensity unless contraindicated

Question 19

What are the two types of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? Name a symptom of
each.

Answer 19

a. Irritative BPH
i. Nocturia (urinating at night) = >1 per night
b. Obstructive BPH
i. hesitancy (difficulty initiating the urine stream)

Question 20

What is the typically the first oral anti-diabetic drug to be initiated in diabetic patients without specific contraindications? What class does it belong to?

Answer 20

a. Metformin; Biguanide

Question 21

Hemoglobin A1C readings indicate plasma glucose averages over a period of
.

Answer 21

3 months

Question 22

List at least one primary cause of dyslipidemia:

Answer 22

● Familial hypercholesterolemia
● LPL deficiency
● Familial Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 23

The enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT is known as:

Answer 23

5-alpha reductase

Question 24

List at least two PDE-5 inhibitors used in erectile dysfunction

Answer 24

Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

Question 25

List two major complications of caffeine toxicity

Answer 25

Hypokalemia

Hyperglycemia

Question 26

What drug class would be used in a patient who had an enlarged prostate?

Answer 26

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 27

What are 3 signs of a bladder infection(a)? What would tell you if the patient has kidney involvement(b)?

Answer 27

Cloudy/bloody urine, foul odor, painful urination

Flank pain

Question 28

What are 3 common side effects of ambien?

Answer 28

a. Chest discomfort, increased BP, flu-like symptoms, fever, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, memory impairment

Question 29

What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary hyperthyroidism?

Answer 29

a. Primary: problem with the thyroid gland itself
b. Secondary: problem with the anterior pituitary which leads to abnormalities in the HPA
c. Tertiary: problem with the hypothalamus

Question 30

How would you confirm diagnosis of dyslipidemia?

Answer 30

a. Serum lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL, and VLDL)

b. ASCVD Risk calculation