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SEM2 BIOSCIENCE > Case 3 > Flashcards

Case 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?

A

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis via binding to penicilling binding proteins (PBP)

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clarithromycin?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of doxycycline?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

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4
Q

What ABx family does amoxicillin belong to?

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

What ABx family does clarithromycin belong to?

A

Macrolide

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6
Q

What ABx family does doxycycline belong to?

A

Tetracycline

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7
Q

Clarithomycin is effective against what pathogens?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staph aureus

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8
Q

Amoxicillin is effective against what pathogens?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

most common causative agent of community acquired pneumonia

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9
Q

Doxycycline is effective against what pathogens?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staph aureus

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10
Q

What can be inferred from the presence of yellow/green sputum?

A

Colour produced by presence of myeloperoxidase, which is produced by neutrophils in response to bacterial infection.

Indicates antibiotics may be appropriate

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11
Q

What does blood in the sputum indicate?

A

Pulmonary infarct

Neoplasm

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12
Q

What does rust coloured sputum indicate?

A

Pneumococcal bacteria

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13
Q

What does white/pink frothy sputum indicate?

A 
Pulmonary oedema
Airway obstruction (as in COPD)
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14
Q

What does a white/milky/opaque sputum sample indicate?

A

Viral infection likely, ABx may be ineffective

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15
Q

What are the three criteria for GOLD COPD diagnosis?

A

MRC dyspnoea scale
FEV1 percentage of normal
Number of hospitalisations with respiratory causes

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of varenicline?

A

Partial agonist of nicotinic receptor

Competes with nicotine for receptor binding site and permits small releases of dopamine to ease withdrawal

17
Q

What are the treatment indications following a GOLD1 (mild) COPD diagnosis?

A

Bronchodilator therapy only

18
Q

What are the treatment indications following a GOLD2 (moderate) COPD diagnosis?

A

LAMA and LABA

19
Q

What are the treatment indications following a GOLD3 (serious) COPD diagnosis?

A

LAMA, LABA, ICS

20
Q

What are the treatment indications following a GOLD4 (severe) COPD diagnosis?

A

LAMA, LABA, ICS and theophylline

21
Q

An exacerbation of COPD is commonly associated with an increase in which type of RBC?

A

Neutrophil

SEM2 BIOSCIENCE (13 decks)

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