Case 21 3rd Benchmark

Question 1

What are some reasons an organism adapt to its habits?

Answer 1

Gets food, control temperature, hide from predators, reproduce

Question 2

What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive in the following environments? Extreme cold
Aquatic
Hot and dry
Very little sunlight

Answer 2

Extreme cold: needles so that snow does not build up, conserve water Lauster in frozen months
Aquatic: leaves that float
Hot and dry: needles that protect from animals eating, store water, long day Proops to obtain underground water, or lots of hair like rates to collect water quickly
Very little sunlight: keep leaves year round in cold and varmints to conserve energy, large leaves on forest floors together more so

Question 3

Give an example of an animal adaptation to the desert and explain how it helps the organism.

Answer 3

Nocturnal – cooler at night, burrow underground – stay out of the sun large ears – release heat

Question 4

Explain how plant and animal cells are different

Answer 4

Plants have a large vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast

Question 5

What type of pathogen are antibiotics mostly used to treat

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

How are the following pathogens spread from organism to organism?
Virus
Fungus
Bacteria
Protist

Answer 6

Virus: inhaling, body fluids
Fungus: direct contact athletes foot, and hailing mold
Bacteria: direct contact, contaminated food and water
Protist: contaminated food and water, mosquitoes

Question 7

Which pathogen from above is most like a parasite

Answer 7

Protist

Question 8

What is a vector and give an example?

Answer 8

An animal that spreads disease example mosquitoes

Question 9

List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen

Answer 9

Wash hands, cover wings, cook food thoroughly

Question 10

Describe how a virus infects the body.

Answer 10

Attached a cell membrane, and Jack genetic material, make copies, cell burst open and spread

Question 11

Describe how a virus and bacteria are different from each other

Answer 11

Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, produce toxins, and living. Viruses need to a host to reproduce, considered nonliving, and inject genetic material

Question 12

What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or an industries?
Bacteria
Fungus

Answer 12

Bacteria: make cheese and yogurt, help digest food, produce insulin, clean up oil spills
Fungus: mold: produce antibiotics yeast: bake bread, produce alcohol such as beer and wine

Question 13

Explain the following letters for genotype

Answer 13

BB – pure  dominant genotype
bb - pure recessive genotype
Bb hybrid genotype
Bb heterozygous gene pair
BB or bb homozygous gene pair

Question 14

What is the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?

Answer 14

Selective breeding is choosing parents to produce offspring with specific desirable traits. Genetic engineering involves changing the DNA of an organism

Question 15

Given example of each of the process it’s from selective breeding and genetic engineering.

Answer 15

Selective breeding: racehorses, purebred dogs, liger’s

Genetic engineering: pest resistant crops, weather resistant crops, glowing cats

Question 16

Label the levels of the energy pyramid

Answer 16

Decomposers, producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumer

Question 17

What is the role of the decomposers in an ecosystem?

Answer 17

Breakdown dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil

Question 18

Write the chemical equation for the process that allows organisms to release energy from food and identify what it is called

Answer 18

Respiration

Question 19

How is fermentation similar and different from cellular respiration

Answer 19

They both release energy. Fermentation does not require oxygen, respiration does

Question 20

What single cell organism uses fermentation to release energy and CO2?

Answer 20

Yeast

Question 21

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Answer 21

Quantitative data involves measuring or accounting. Qualitative data is a description or observation.

Question 22

Why is skepticism and important part of science?

Answer 22

When scientist question each other, it leads to new discoveries.

Question 23

What is an inference?

Answer 23

A conclusion based on evidence

Question 24

Explain what it means to analyze the data?

Answer 24

To look for patterns in data, cause-and-effect, figure out how variables are related

Question 25

When should a scientist revise their conclusion?

Answer 25

When confronted with new evidence

Question 26

State the law of conservation of mass.

Answer 26

In a chemical reaction, matter or mass cannot be created, nor destroyed. Total mass (atoms) must be equal

Question 27

What type of elements form ionic bonds? Covalent bonds?

Answer 27

Ionic bonds: metals and nonmetals

Covalent bonds: two or more nonmetals

Question 28

Which elements don’t bond? Why?

Answer 28

Group 18 (noble gases)
They have a full outer shell of electrons (8)

Question 29

What are some evidences of chemical reactions?

Answer 29

Color change, smoke, bubbles, change in temperature

Question 30

What type of current does the power grid use? Explain why.

Answer 30

AC current because the voltage can be increased and decreased to travel long distances.

Question 31

What are the products of combustion?

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 32

Name three gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor