Case 21 3rd Benchmark Flashcards
What are some reasons an organism adapt to its habits?
Gets food, control temperature, hide from predators, reproduce
What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive in the following environments? Extreme cold
Aquatic
Hot and dry
Very little sunlight
Extreme cold: needles so that snow does not build up, conserve water Lauster in frozen months
Aquatic: leaves that float
Hot and dry: needles that protect from animals eating, store water, long day Proops to obtain underground water, or lots of hair like rates to collect water quickly
Very little sunlight: keep leaves year round in cold and varmints to conserve energy, large leaves on forest floors together more so
Give an example of an animal adaptation to the desert and explain how it helps the organism.
Nocturnal – cooler at night, burrow underground – stay out of the sun large ears – release heat
Explain how plant and animal cells are different
Plants have a large vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast
What type of pathogen are antibiotics mostly used to treat
Bacteria
How are the following pathogens spread from organism to organism? Virus Fungus Bacteria Protist
Virus: inhaling, body fluids
Fungus: direct contact athletes foot, and hailing mold
Bacteria: direct contact, contaminated food and water
Protist: contaminated food and water, mosquitoes
Which pathogen from above is most like a parasite
Protist
What is a vector and give an example?
An animal that spreads disease example mosquitoes
List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen
Wash hands, cover wings, cook food thoroughly
Describe how a virus infects the body.
Attached a cell membrane, and Jack genetic material, make copies, cell burst open and spread
Describe how a virus and bacteria are different from each other
Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, produce toxins, and living. Viruses need to a host to reproduce, considered nonliving, and inject genetic material
What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or an industries?
Bacteria
Fungus
Bacteria: make cheese and yogurt, help digest food, produce insulin, clean up oil spills
Fungus: mold: produce antibiotics yeast: bake bread, produce alcohol such as beer and wine
Explain the following letters for genotype
BB – pure dominant genotype bb - pure recessive genotype Bb hybrid genotype Bb heterozygous gene pair BB or bb homozygous gene pair
What is the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?
Selective breeding is choosing parents to produce offspring with specific desirable traits. Genetic engineering involves changing the DNA of an organism
Given example of each of the process it’s from selective breeding and genetic engineering.
Selective breeding: racehorses, purebred dogs, liger’s
Genetic engineering: pest resistant crops, weather resistant crops, glowing cats
Label the levels of the energy pyramid
Decomposers, producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumer
What is the role of the decomposers in an ecosystem?
Breakdown dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil
Write the chemical equation for the process that allows organisms to release energy from food and identify what it is called
Respiration
How is fermentation similar and different from cellular respiration
They both release energy. Fermentation does not require oxygen, respiration does
What single cell organism uses fermentation to release energy and CO2?
Yeast
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Quantitative data involves measuring or accounting. Qualitative data is a description or observation.
Why is skepticism and important part of science?
When scientist question each other, it leads to new discoveries.
What is an inference?
A conclusion based on evidence
Explain what it means to analyze the data?
To look for patterns in data, cause-and-effect, figure out how variables are related
When should a scientist revise their conclusion?
When confronted with new evidence
State the law of conservation of mass.
In a chemical reaction, matter or mass cannot be created, nor destroyed. Total mass (atoms) must be equal
What type of elements form ionic bonds? Covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds: metals and nonmetals
Covalent bonds: two or more nonmetals
Which elements don’t bond? Why?
Group 18 (noble gases) They have a full outer shell of electrons (8)
What are some evidences of chemical reactions?
Color change, smoke, bubbles, change in temperature
What type of current does the power grid use? Explain why.
AC current because the voltage can be increased and decreased to travel long distances.
What are the products of combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water
Name three gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect
Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor
