Case 12: Developmental Coordination Disorder Flashcards
Which medical condition is characterized as difficulty in a multitude of gross and fine motor skills?
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
What are the four criteria that need to be fulfilled for a formal diagnosis of DCD?
- below average for age performance in daily activities requiring motor coordination
- motoric disturbance interfere with academic performance and/or ADLs
- all other conditions causing coordination problems must be ruled out
- coordination difficulties must be significantly more immature than developmental cognitive level
Involuntary movements that occur when a person is engaged in difficult or resisted movement; observed in typically developing children up to the age of 8 years. After this time, these movements indicate central nervous system (CNS) damage.
Associated Reactions
Program designed to remediate motoric skills in children with developmental coordination disorder by incorporation of motor learning concepts and dynamic systems framework
CO-OP Program - Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance Program
Rapidly alternating movements such as supination-pronation, tapping toes, or verbally repeating “pa-ta-ka”; inability to perform these movements indicates CNS injury.
Diadokinetic movements
Impairment in the inability to perform coordinated movement
Dyspraxia
What neurobehavioral disorders can co-occur with DCD?
- ADHD
- ADD
Is DCD more common in males or females ?
Males
What three clusters were found by researchers during neuropsychological testing?
- ideomotor dyspraxia with movement deficits, problems with imitation, dynamic balance, and handwriting
- visual spatial and visual construction dyspraxia and deficits in both visual motor skills and handwriting
- mixed dyspraxia
General PT POC/goals for pts with DCD
- education based services
- maximize independent mobility and physical function
- activity and participation
Precautions during physical therapy…
- close positioning of PT to child during training of gross motor skills
- safety during all movement due to potential impulsivity
What is the most optimal method of intervention delivered through either individual - or group-based interventions for patients with DCD?
task-oriented (e.g. play, sports bases activities)
Which subtype of DCD explains most of motoric difficulties demonstrated by the child in this case? Patient displays gross motor difficulties along with fine motor control deficits
Mixed dyspraxia
What is the most effective intervention strategy given this child’s clinical presentation and personal and environmental factors?
CO-OP which utilizes task oriented training
For children with DCD, which body structures and functions/impairments are present?
1. deficits with ___ ____ motor control
2. deficits in _____ postural control
- deficits with visual-spatial motor control (sense of personal space)
- deficits in adaptive postural control (obstacle crossing, controlled COM)
What is the most appropriate standardized assessment tool for evaluating gross motor skills in children with DCD?
MABC-2
movement assessment battery for children, 2nd edition
T or F: PT and task-oriented training (motor learning model) is good for children with DCD
true
PT (grade b evidence)
task oriented training (grade c evidence)
