Case 1 Anatomy Flashcards
what are the abdominal lines?
- midclavicular
- subcostal
- transtubercular
- transpyloric
what is the midclavicular line?
vertical line that extends from the midpoint of the clavicle to the midinguinal point
what is the subcostal line?
horizontal plane that passes through the inferior border of the tenth costal cartilage and lies at the level of L2
what is the transtubercular line?
horizontal plane that passes though the iliac tubercles and lies at the level of L5
what is the transpyloric line?
horizontal plane that lies halfway between the umbilicus and the xiphisternum, or midway between the upper border of the manubrium and the symphasis pubis and lies at the level of L1
what divides the abdominal cavity into 9 regions?
the midclavicular, subcostal and transtubercular planes
what are the abdominal regions?
· Right hypochondriac · Epigastric · Left hypochondriac · Right lumbar · Umbilical · Left lumbar · Right inguinal/iliac · Hypogastric/suprapubic · Left inguinal/iliac
which planes divide the abdomen into quadrants?
median plane and transumbilical plane
what is the median plane?
a vertical line drawn through the umbilicus
what is the transumbilical plane?
a horizontal line drawn through the umbilicus
what are the quadrants of the abdomen?
· Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
· Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
· Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
· Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
what is in the right upper quadrant?
· Hepatic flexure · Gallbladder · Right kidney · Right suprarenal gland · Right lobe of liver
what is in the left upper quadrant?
· Left lobe of liver · Left suprarenal gland · Splenic flexure · Spleen · Left kidney
what is in the right lower quadrant?
· Appendix · Right ovary · Right ureter · Caecum · Right uterine tube
what is in the left lower quadrant?
· Left ureter
· Left uterine tube
· Left ovary
· Sigmoid colon
what does the abdominal cavity extend from and to?
from the thorax to the pelvic inlet
what forms the roof of the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
what is the floor of the abdominal cavity?
no floor, it is continuous
what contributes to the superior part of the abdominal wall?
thoracic cage
what is the anterolateral wall bounded superiorly by?
- costal margin
- xiphisternum
what is the abdomen wall bounded by inferiorly?
- iliac and pubic crests
- pubic symphasis
- inguinal ligament
what does the abdominal wall consist of?
- skin
- fascia
- muscles
- their aponeuroses
- endoabdominal fascia
- extraperitoneal fat
- parietal peritoneum
how is the skin attached to the underlying tissue?
loosely except at the umbilicus where it is firmly bound to the scar tissue that marks the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the foetus
what can the superficial fascia be divided into?
two layers; the fascia of Camper and the fascia of Scarpa
what is Scarpa’s fascia? what does it turn into?
layer of fascia forms the deep membranous layer which blends with the fascia of the inner thigh and extends into the scrotum and labia majora as Colles’ fascia
what is Camper’s fascia?
outer fatty layer which is continuous with the superficial fat over the rest of the body
does the trunk possess a deep fascia?
- doesn’t possess a true deep fascia as this would restrict breathing and eating
- however, there is a thin layer of areolar connective tissue which lies deep to Scarpa’s fascia and covers the muscles
what are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
· Internal oblique muscles · External oblique muscles · Transversus abdominis · Rectus abdominis · Pyramidalis
where does the external oblique originate from?
the lower eight ribs
where does the transversus abdominis originate from?
- lower six costal cartilages
- lumbodorsal fascia
- iliac crest
- inguinal ligament