Case 1 Flashcards
How are viruses differentiated?
By their surface proteins
How do strains of viruses differ?
By the isoforms of their surface proteins
How are new viral strains created?
Mutation and reassortment
Why does flu usually cause more serious illness than colds?
Rhinoviruses bind in the upper respiratory tract. Influenza binds in the lower respiratory tract.
What are the common symptoms of the flu?
Fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose (though less common than with colds), muscle or body aches, headaches and fatugue.
What are the common symptoms of the common cold?
Cold symptoms are usually milder than the flu and is more likely to involve the areas of the upper respiratory tract (runny nose, sore throat etc.)
What causes Covid19?
What causes the cold?
What causes the flu?
coronavirus
rhinovirus (most common), influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus
influenza
What does coronavirus bind to?
Angiotensin converting enzyme-2
What is the function of ACE2?
Conversion of angiotension 2 to angiotenison (1-7)
What two membrane glycoproteins define all influenza viruses?
Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
What three membrane glycoproteins define Influenza A?
HA, NA, Matrix-2 (M2)
What does HA bind to?
sialate
How many single-stranded RNA does influenza possess?
8
What is neuraminidase and what is its function?
A glycoside hydrolase enzyme that cleaves the virus from sialate allowing progeny to infect new cells.
What does HA binding to the sialate of an erythrocyte result in?
Haemagglutination
What do rhinoviruses bind to?
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1
What is the function ICAM-1?
When activated serves as a binding site for leukocytes the blood which then migrates into the tissue.
What are Zola’s triggers?
Interpersonal crisis Perceived social interference Sanctioning Activities Temporalizing
What are the 6 questions of the folk model?
What has happened? Why? Why to me? Why now? What would happen if I did nothing? What should I do about it or whom should I see?
Which influenza type can undergo antigenic shift?
influenza A
What causes antigenic shift?
What causes antigenic drift?
reassortment
mutations
(Note both can give rise to new viral strains capable of infecting new organisms)
Which animal can act as a reservoir of genetic reassortment for influenza A?
Pig (both avian and human strains of influenza A can infect)
Antigenic drift and the relationship to population immunity.
Their is an exponential relationship between amount of antigenic drift and population-wide immunity as
