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Endo-Renal > Case 1 > Flashcards

Case 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The following are the criteria for the diagnosis of DM< except:

a. FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol
b. glucose ≥ 11.3 mmol/L 2h after an oral glucose challenge
c. HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
d. random plasma glucose concentration ≥ 11.1 mmol/L + polyuria, polydypsia, weight loss

A

B.

NORMAL VALUES:
FPG: <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)
Plasma glucose: <7.9 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) following an oral glucose challenge
HbA1c: <5.7%

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2
Q

This is a useful marker of insulin secretion and allows discrimination of endogenous and exogenous sources of insulin in the evaluation of hypoglycemia

a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. amylin
d. c-peptide

A

D

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3
Q

Muscle and adipose tissues uses this glucose transporter for insulin-mediated uptake of glucose

a. GLUT 1
b. GLUT 2
c. GLUT 3
d. GLUT 4

A

D

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4
Q

Which of the following preparation is a long acting insulin?

a. aspart
b. glargine
c. lispro
d. glulisine

A

B

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5
Q

This oral DM drug increases renal glucose secretion and do not cause hypoglycemia, decrease weight and BP.

a. canagliflozin
b. mitiglinide
c. glipizide
d. miglitol

A

A

sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a risk factor of Type 2 DM?

a. overweight or obese
b. physical inactivity
c. LDL cholesterol level <35mg/dL
d. acanthosis nigricans
e. Asian

A

C

HDL cholesterol level <35mg/dL

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7
Q

The microvascular chronic complications are the ff, except:

a. coronary artery disease
b. retinopathy
c. neuropathy
d. nephropathy

A

A

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8
Q

These are proteins secreted into circulation by adipose tissue that promote hyperglycemia

a. leptin
b. adipokine
c. adiponectin
d. ghrelin

A

B

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9
Q

The most convenient and reliable test for DM

a. FPG
b. HbA1c
c. plasma glucose
d. both a and b
e. both a and c

A

D

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10
Q

The American Diabetes Association refers to preexisting pre-gestational diabetes as DM that occurs during which of the following?

a. first trimester
b. second trimester
c. third trimester

A

A

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11
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of Type 2 DM?

a. Variable degree of insulin resistance
b. Impaired insulin secretion
c. Autoimmunity against the insulin-producing beta cells
d. Increased hepatic glucose production

A

C

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12
Q

Patients with type 2 DM usually exhibit the following features, except:

a. diabetes onset after the age of 30
b. requirement of insulin as the initial therapy
c. usually obese
d. dyslipidemia as an associated condition

A

B

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13
Q

These are group of parenteral DM drugs that slow gastric emptying and decrease glucagon, what is an example?

a. pramlintide
b. exenatide
c. repaglinide
d. nateglinide

A

A

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14
Q

Which of the following is not an adverse effect of biguanides?

a. anorexia
b. weight gain
c. metallic taste
d. vitamin B12 deficiency

A

B

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15
Q

It is the major toxicity of metformin

a. diarrhea
b. vit b12 deficiency
c. lactic acidosis
d. weight loss

A

C

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16
Q

It is the major toxicity of metformin

a. diarrhea
b. vit b12 deficiency
c. lactic acidosis
d. weight loss

A

C

most common: GI disturbances

17
Q

Which of the following are considered as non-sulfonylureas but also increase insulin secretion?

a. glycopyramide
b. glibornuride
c. gliclazide
d. repaglinide
e. gliquidone

A

D

18
Q

Patients classified to have moderate hyperglycemia have FPG values of:

a. FPG >7.0-11.0 mmol/L (126-199 mg/dL)
b. FPG 11.1-13.9 mmol/L (200-250 mg/dL)
c. FPG >13.9 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)
d. FPG <13.9-16.7 mmol/L (250-300 mg/dL)

A

B

MILD - FPG >7.0-11.0 mmol/L (126-199 mg/dL)
MODERATE - FPG 11.1-13.9 mmol/L (200-250 mg/dL)
MORE SEVERE - FPG >13.9 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)
SEVERE - FPG <13.9-16.7 mmol/L (250-300 mg/dL)

19
Q

Which of the following tend to have glucose-lowering effects that are delayed by weeks?

a. SLGTT2 inhibitors
b. insulin secretagogues
c. thiazolidinediones
d. alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

C

delayed: biguanides and thiazolidinediones

20
Q

Which of the following is not a laboratory feature found in HHS?

a. marked hyperglycemia (>55.5mmol/L or 1000mg/dL)
b. hyperosmolality (>350 mosmol/L)
c. prerenal azotemia
d. serum bicarbonate (<15meq/L)

A

D

21
Q

It usually begins in the pretibial region as an erythematous plaque or papules that gradually enlarge, darken, and develop irregular margins, with atrophic centers and central ulceration

a. Acanthosis nigrcans
b. Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
c. Granuloma annulare
d. Lichen planus

A

B

22
Q

Which of the following is not a consideration for admission to intensive care setting of patients with DKA

a. for frequent monitoring
b. pH <7.00
c. unconscious
d. none of the options

A

D

23
Q

Which of the following drug groups can cause urticarial and immune-mediated dermatologic effects?

a. alpha glucosidase inhibitors
b. DPP-4 inhibitors
c. Sulfonylureas
c. Nonsulfonylureas

A

B

Endo-Renal (4 decks)

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