Case 1 Flashcards
The following are true of systole or the period of contraction, except:
a. Aortic valve is open allowing ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
b. Mitral valve is close preventing blood from regurgitating back into the left atrium
c. Pulmonic valve closes
d. Tricuspid valve closes as blood is ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
C
pulmonic valve opens
The following are vasoconstrictors, except:
a. angiotensin II
b. catecholamines
c. prostaglandins
d. endothelin
C
vasodilators: kinins, prostaglandins, NO
The following are true about renin, except:
a. Proteolytic enzyme produced by renal juxtaglomerular cells
b. Released in response to low blood pressure in afferent arterioles
c. Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
d. Stimulates aldosterone secretion by adrenal gland
D
It is located in the postsynaptic cells in the smooth muscles and elicit vasoconstriction
a. alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
b. alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
c. beta 1 adrenergic receptors
d. beta 2 adrenergic receptors
A
Act as negative feedback controllers that inhibit further norepinephrine release
a. alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
b. alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
c. beta 1 adrenergic receptors
d. beta 2 adrenergic receptors
B
The following are true about beta-1 adrenergic receptors, except:
a. The activation stimulates rate and and strength of cardiac contraction and increase cardiac output
b. the activation stimulates renin release from kidneys
c. The activation by epinephrine relaxes vascular smooth muscles and results in vasodilation
d. None of the options
C
The type of hypertension observed in patients with Pheochromocytoma
a. Renovascular hypertension
b. Orthostatic hypertension
c. Primary hypertension
d. Secondary hypertension
e. Rebound hypertension
B
It is a characteristic of secondary pulmonary hypertension
a. central cyanosis
b. peripheral cyanosis
c. acrocyanosis
d. differential cyanosis
D
A characteristic of severe hypertriglyceridemia
a. subcutaneous xanthomas
b. eruptive xanthomatosis
c. palmar crease xanthomas
B
It is the most cause of postural lightheadedness or syncope, exacerbated by advanced age, dehydration, certain meds, food, deconditioning, ambient temperature or humidity.
a. White coat hypertension
b. Masked hypertension
c. Orthostatic hypertension
d. Rebound hypertension
C
a. >140/90 mm Hg, no evidence of target organ damage, may not benefit from drug therapy
b. normal or low BP in px with advanced atherosclerotic disease, have evidence for target organ dama
it provides the best assessment of jugular venous pressure
a. right IJV
b. right EJV
c. left IJV
d. left EJV
A
The following are true about the jugular venous pressure, except:
a. It closely parallels pressure in the right atrium, or central venous pressure
b. Not done in children under 12 years old
c. Usually measured in horizontal distance above sternal angle
d. It is measured at >3m above the sternal angle, or more than 8cm in total distance above the right atrium, is considered elevated above normal
C
The following are true about carotid pulsations, except:
a. The height of pulsations unchanged by position
b. Height of pulsation usually falls with inspiration
c. Pulsations not elicited by pressure on veins at sternal end of clavicle
d. It is palpable
B
It reflects the rise in atrial pressure that accompanies atrial contraction
a. A wave
b. X descent
c. V wave
d. Y descent
A
***explain ko nalang
The following are true of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), except:
a. It is encoded by NPPA gene located on chromosome 1 at 1p36.21
b. It enters coronary sinus and enters target organs via circulation
c. Found in higher levels in the cardiac ventricles rather than the atrial granules
d. Binds to natriuretic peptide receptor A to regulate normal homeostatic blood pressure
C
characteristic of brain natriuretic peptide
